Similarities And Differences Of Characters In The Sound And The Fury :: Sound Fury Characters

The Sound and the Fury is a compelling story that shows different aspects of a family that is slowly deteriorating. William Faulkner made it clear that one of the most important aspects of this novel is the theme of loss. Faulkner gave the views of four different individuals who all had one main obsession, their sister Caddy, who in a way symbolizes the loss that each person endures and the deterioration of the south. Caddy, who did not have a part in the novel to tell her side of the story, was viewed very differently by each of her brothers. This novel tells a story of the Compson family on their way of distinction. The story begin with Benjamin who is mentally challenge tells the first section of the story; this is one of the most difficult chapters of the book that is very difficult to comprehend for the simple fact that Benjamin has no motion of time. Therefore he constantly goes back in forth with the present and past. In order to fully understand the chapter, you must slowly comprehend when he is speaking of the past and when he is speaking in the present. All his memories have to do with Caddy. She was the one who gave him order. His life was based around Caddy because she was the mother figure in his life. She was the one that gave Benjamin the love he needed. There was a point in the novel were Luster was taking Benjamin and he started to cry hysterically because Luster took him on an unfamiliar route; Jason found out he hit Luster and told him to never do that again or he’ll kill him because Benjamin lost the order he lived with. Without the familiarity of his surroundings th ere would not be any meaning to his life. The only thing he has left in his life is the memories he had with his sister. When Caddy ran away Benjamin lost the order in his life and the loved he needed. The second chapter was told by Quentin, which was much easier to comprehend than the first chapter and he tells his perspective of events that happened in his past that he hasn’t quite gotten over. Quentin had a close bond with his sister Caddy. Quentin cares about the old southern code of honor.

The Many Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana Essay -- Argumentative Persua

The Many Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana When the religious leaders of Nicholas Copernicus' time excommunicated him for his radical studies, they ignorantly dismissed a brilliant idea. The idea that the earth revolved around the sun inherently brought controversy upon the traditional styles of science. A controversy our leaders need to examine is the medical use of marijuana. Instead of banning marijuana and ignoring the public voice, our representatives need to examine the facts and effects of marijuana for medical use. Like Copernicus' idea that revolutionized science, changing the way we treat our sick and suffering will benefit our society. The effects of legalizing marijuana for only medical purposes will stop unnecessary legal action and it will change the way doctors treat a number of serious ailments. At the turn of the century, rumors equated marijuana "as a substitute for the opiates and alcohol", thus leading to The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. It was instated with little public notice and without research on the effects of the drug. The Act led to further myths such as the "gateway" term, which describes marijuana as a drug that leads to more dangerous drug abuse. Since the time our representatives took the uneducated initiative to ban the drug for medical purposes, it has been tested and found innocent of addictive qualities (Bonnie and Whitebread 4). "The best established use of smoked marijuana is an anti-nauseate for cancer chemotherapy. During the 1980's, smoked marijuana was shown to be an effective anti-emetic in six different state-sponsored clinical studies involving nearly 1,000 patients" (Randall 217-243). According to Peter McWilliams, an AIDS and cancer patient, marijuana gave him the most rel... ...nd Consulted Bonnie, Richard and Whitebread, Charles. The Genesis of Marijuana Prohibition. Schaffer Library of Drug Policy. Available: http:www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/vlr/vlr2.htm IOM report sends mixed signals on use of marijuana as medicine. Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Weekly: LEXIS NEXIS. Available: http:web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document?_ansset=GeHauKO_ Marijuana is a Medicine English Medical Marijuana Flyer. Avaliable: http://medicalmarijuana.org/engflyer.htm ON THE RIGHT; political update. National Review. Available: http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document?_ansset=GeHauKO- The Medical Use of Marijuana NORML. Available: http:natlnorml.org/medical/index.html Woodward, Wc. C. American Medical Association Opposes the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. Available: http://www.pdxnorml.org/AMA_opposes_1937.html

Cognetive psychology

This is False; Jane Eliot simply asked her previous students if they thought the exercise would be good for students or teachers and her students answered that it would be good for both. She never expressed that all teachers should do her experiments. 4) This is True. 5) This True. part 3. 1) This quotation is from â€Å"The Limitless Heart† written by Fenton Johnson.This quotation is expressing how people are so willing to hold in their emotions, hiding heir true feelings. I was emotional caught with Johnson statement â€Å"This much he and I share: as a gay man who grew up in the rural South, I am no stranger to hiding. † This quotation is meaningful because there is always someone in every culture who doesn't want the same life or have the same believes as their family, but they have to hide it because they do not want to be hated by the people they love the most. ) This quotation is from † Male-Female Conversations is Cross-cultural Communication† writte n by Deborah Tannen. I would agree with Tannen's statement because in every culture, women want nothing more than to be heard, especially by their husbands because it shows that they care and understand the emotions their wives are going through. 3) This quotation is from â€Å"Wounds that Never Heal† written by Mariama L. Barrie. Barrie is expressing the pain not only she felt, but the pain of all the women in her tribe during their genital mutilation.She expressed that women ho perform these procedures are unaware of the dangers they put the little girls through, with a wound that may heal psychically but never emotionally. 4) This quotation is from â€Å"Ethnocentrism† written by William B. Gudykunst. I agree with Gudykunst statement about everyone being ethnocentric because we are all raised differently, causing us to have a specific preference of acting a certain way or doing a specific thing. It is natural and unwilling tor us to Judge others based standards and cultural experience. Part 4. on our own

Breast Cancer And The Detection Of Breast Cancer With Mri Essays

Breast Cancer And The Detection Of Breast Cancer With Mri Essays Breast Cancer And The Detection Of Breast Cancer With Mri Paper Breast Cancer And The Detection Of Breast Cancer With Mri Paper When we hear the word cancer, most of us are much worried. Cancer is one of the life threatening diseases and breast cancer is one type of cancer that mostly affects women. In fact research has found that breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer death in women in the particularly in the United States (Kriege, et al. 2004). Detecting breast cancer has been a serious concern. Today with the increased awareness of breast cancer risk, women over the age of 40 are undergoing mammography for screening, leading to detection of cancers in earlier stages and a consequential improvement in survival rates. Even with high awareness breast cancer remains the most common cause of death in women between the ages of 45 and 55. In a breast cancer patient, cancer usually forms in the ducts and lobules (National Cancer Institute, 2007). If we look into the causes of breast cancer, much of the research has found that genetic and/or hormonal factors are the main risk factors for breast cancer. It is estimated that about 50 percent of breast cancers associated with genetic risk factors are linked to a mutation of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. This study also suggests that women with multiple relatives who developed breast or ovarian cancer at a young age and those who are found to carry BRCA mutations face a decision about whether to have prophylactic surgery or undergo a lifetime of intensive screening (Center for the Advancement of Health, n. pag, 2007). With the help of proper diagnosis of the stages it is possible to detect the extent to which a particular cancer has spread and this in turn helps the physicians to take decisions concerning treatment options. Breast cancer treatment depends upon several factors, including the type of cancer and the extent to which it has spread. In general treatment for breast cancer may involve surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, and/or chemotherapy. When compared to the earlier decades studies have suggested that the advances in screening, diagnosis, and treatment has decreased the death rate for breast cancer by about 20% (Stoppler, 2007). Methods of Diagnosis of Breast Cancer There are several techniques available for the detection of breast cancers. In general, for any women without any symptoms the screening for breast cancer normally begins with X-ray mammography to look for tumors and cysts. It can be said that high-quality mammography is an effective and economic technology currently available for breast cancer screening. In recent years, the technique involved in mammography is digitalized. This is a technique for recording x-ray images in computer code instead of on x-ray film. The images are displayed on a computer monitor and can be magnified before they are printed on film. Images can also be manipulated; the radiologist can magnify or zoom in on an area. Computer-aided detection (CAD) is another technique that involves the use of computers to bring suspicious areas on a mammogram to the radiologist’s attention. It is used after the radiologist has done the initial evaluation of the mammogram. In the year 1998, the FDA approved a breast imaging device that uses CAD technology (National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet, 2007). Ultrasound is also used to screen breast cancers. It is also called sonography in which the imaging technique uses high-frequency sound waves that cannot be heard by human beings bounces off tissues and internal organs. As a result their echoes produce a picture called a sonogram. Ultrasound imaging of the breast is used to differentiate between solid tumors and fluid-filled cysts. This technique can also be used to evaluate lumps that are difficult to see on a mammogram. Ultrasound in come cases is used as part of other diagnostic procedures, such as fine needle aspiration. In this procedure the tissue or fluid is removed with the help of a needle for examination called the biopsy (National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet, 2007). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is another imaging procedure that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make images of organs and structures inside the body (Center for the Advancement of Health, 2007). In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a magnet linked to a computer creates detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The advantage with this technique is that it does not use radiation. Each MRI produces hundreds of images of the breast from different directions side-to-side, top-to-bottom, and front-to-back which is then interpreted by a radiologist. MRI of breast is done in the following manner. First the patient is asked to lie on her stomach on the scanning table. The breast hangs into a depression or hollow in the table, which contains coils that are able to detect the magnetic signal. The table is then moved into a tube-like machine that contains the magnet. Once an initial set of images are taken, the patient may be given a contrast agent intravenously. The contrast agent is not radioactive in nature and it is just used to improve the visibility of a tumor. After this additional images are then taken to view the tumor clearly (National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet, 2007). In general, breast MRI is not used for routine breast cancer screening, but in recent years clinical trials are being performed to determine if MRI is helpful for screening certain women, such as young women at high risk for breast cancer. It is found that MRI cannot always precisely distinguish between malignant cancer and benign (noncancerous) breast conditions. Additionally, it also cannot detect microcalcifications like ultrasound (National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet, 2007). Researchers have found that MRI is used mainly to evaluate breast implants for leaks or ruptures, and also to assess abnormal areas detected by a mammogram or are felt after breast surgery or radiation therapy. However it can be used after breast cancer is diagnosed to measure the extent of the tumor in the breast. MRI is also sometimes useful in imaging dense breast tissue, which is often found in younger women, and in viewing other breast abnormalities that can be felt but are not visible with conventional mammography or ultrasound (National Cancer Institute, 2007). Reasons for not using MRI for detection of breast cancer are many. For instance, because the mammograms are much less expensive than Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), mammograms are preferred by many. Secondly, since MRI compress the breast to show all of the information in one view, they are a less effective tool, particularly when the breast is dense or in young woman. MRI provides multiple slices of high-resolution images of breast tissue, creating a three-dimensional picture (Optical Society of America, 2007). Recently researchers at Dartmouth College and Dartmouth Medical School combined two techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared optics, which they found to be potentially more precise method for diagnosing breast cancer. In this new technique MRI is used to produce an image of the breast, providing adequate information on its structure, shape and composition. Additionally, the near-infrared light technique provides information on how the tissue is functioning, for instance, by finding out if a region contains a large amount of blood and is consuming oxygen rapidly then the patient may be suffering from cancer as early cancers typically consume oxygen. The researchers are hopeful that this dual-procedure of combining MRI with near-infrared light technique will be a key to learning which tissues are malignant even before performing a biopsy (Optical Society of America, 2007). The disadvantage with MRI is that it is extremely sensitive in detecting early cancer, but unfortunately because of its hypersensitivity it also picks up many breast changes that are not cancer, leading to a high incidence of negative biopsies and creating unnecessary stress on people. In other words, the false positive rate is high and may be unacceptable for low risk women (Anne Arundel Medical Center, 2004). There are also studies that point out that MRI can detect cancers that may be missed in a routine mammogram. For instance, a study in the March 29, 2007, published in the New England Journal of Medicine followed 969 women who had a recent diagnosis of breast cancer in one breast. They found that MRI was able to detect breast cancer in the second (contra lateral) breast of some of these women even when mammogram had been read as normal (Kriege, et al. 2004). Specifically, 121 of these women had a suspicious or positive MRI, even though their mammogram showed negative results. Later when all of these MRI positive women had biopsies, 30 were found to be positive for cancer. Therefore, it can be said that MRI is useful when it comes to detecting early breast changes even when mammograms are not able to detect it. In case if the 30 women not had an MRI, the cancer in their other breast would not have been detected and their surgery and treatment might have been inadequate. Though these positive cases were detected it was found that even in very high-risk women who already had cancer the majority (91 of them) had false positives. This shows that the false positive rate in a normal group of women may be even higher. The good news is that the women in the study who had a negative MRI were followed for another year and continued to have no cancer occurrence or reoccurrence in their second breast. In other words MRI had a negative predictive value of 99 percent (Young, 2007; Reichman, 2007). Studies conducted by Brem et al. (2007) compared the sensitivity and specificity of breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) using a high-resolution breast-specific gamma camera and MRI in patients with indeterminate breast findings. They found that there was no statistically noteworthy disparity in sensitivity of cancer detection between BSGI and MRI. However, BSGI demonstrated a greater specificity than MRI, 71% and 25%, respectively. Therefore this study suggested that BSGI has equal sensitivity and greater specificity than MRI for the detection of breast cancer (Brem et al. 2007). Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as an additional screening test for young women at high risk of breast cancer in whom mammography alone has poor sensitivity. A study conducted by Lord et al. (2007) found that the effectiveness of MRI depend on assumptions about the benefits of early detection from trials of mammographic screening in older average risk populations. He also stated that the extent to which high risk younger women receive the same benefits from early detection and treatment of MRI-detected cancers is yet to be established (Lord et al. 2007). A study conducted by Drew et al. compared MRI with mammography, sonography, and physical examination in preoperative patients (Drew, et al. 1999). They found that the sensitivity for detecting multifocal breast cancer was 100% for MRI and 18% for standard modalities. A major criticism of MRI has been its lack of specificity, which varies in the literature from 31% to 91% (Flamm, 2005). MRI when it is compared mammography has a specificity of 93% to 99%. Besides it was found that patients diagnosed positive with MRI had to conform it through a biopsy that added to the overall cost of treatment and is a burden. While MRI is effective in detecting breast cancer, its specificity for screening is much lower than that of mammography. The need for additional imaging ranged from 8% to 17% in MRI screening studies, and the biopsy rates ranged from 3% to 15% (Kriege, et al. 2004). Studies have found that the rate of false-positive results is higher in women who undergo screening compared with a high-risk population. An American Cancer Society review found that the higher rate of biopsies and additional studies was acceptable in women with a high risk of breast cancer but inappropriate in low-risk women (Saslow, et al. , 2007). In conclusion, it can be said that MRI cannot be the used as an effective tool to detect breast cancer since there are several studies that support this fact. Besides, several negative cases being shown as positive cases of breast cancer that creates unnecessary anxiety in people. References Anne Arundel Medical Center, (2004) MRI helps find breast cancer in high-risk women more evidence point to MRI usefulness, Breast Health, September 2004. Retrieved November 4, 2007, from askaamc. org/neighbors/news/index. php? id=16032 Brem, R. F. , Petrovitch, I. , Rapelyea, J. A. , Young, H. , Teal, C. , Kelly, T. (2007) Breast-specific gamma imaging with 99mTc-Sestamibi and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of breast cancer- A comparative study, The Breast Journal 13 (5), 465–469. Center for the Advancement of Health (2007, July 2). MRI plus X-ray mammography doubles breast cancer detection in women at high risk. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 28, 2007, from sciencedaily. com/releases/2007/07/070702084039. htm Drew P. J. , Turnbull L. W. , Chatterjee S. , Read J. , Carleton P. J. , Fox J. N. , Monson J. R. , Kerin M. J. (1999) Prospective comparison of standard triple assessment and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the breast for the evaluation of symptomatic breast lesions. Ann Surg. ;230(5):680–685. Flamm C. R. , Ziegler K. M. and Aronson N. (2005) Technology evaluation center assessment synopsis: use of magnetic resonance imaging to avoid a biopsy in women with suspicious primary breast lesions. J Am Coll Radiol. ;2(6):485–487. Optical Society of America (2007, April 15). Breast cancer diagnosis from combined MRI-optics method. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 4, 2007, from sciencedaily. com/releases/2007/04/070413122515. htm Kriege M. , et al. (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging screening study group. Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition. N Engl J Med. ; 351(5):427–437. Lord, S. J. , Lei, W. , Craft, P. , Cawson, J. N. , Morris, I. , Walleser, S. , Griffiths, A. , Parker, S. and Houssami. N. (Sept 2007)A systematic review of the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an addition to mammography and ultrasound in screening young women at high risk of breast cancer (Report). European Journal of Cancer 43. 13: 1905 (13). National Cancer Institute, (2007) Breast cancer, Retrieved on 27 October 2007 from cancer. gov/cancertopics/types/breast National Cancer Institute Fact Sheet, (2007) Improving methods for breast cancer detection and diagnosis, Retrieved on 4 November 2007 from cancer. gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/breast-cancer Reichman, J. (2007) Breast cancer detection: MRI vs. mammogram? Retrieved October 28,

The Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988

The Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988 The Iran-Iraq War of 1980 to 1988 was a grinding, bloody, and in the end, completely pointless conflict. It was sparked by the Iranian Revolution, led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, which overthrew Shah Pahlavi in 1978-79. Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, who despised the Shah, welcomed this change, but his joy turned to alarm when the Ayatollah began calling for a Shia revolution in Iraq to overthrow Saddams secular/Sunni regime. The Ayatollahs provocations inflamed Saddam Husseins paranoia, and he soon began calling for a new Battle of Qadisiyyah, a reference to the 7th-century battle in which the newly-Muslim Arabs defeated the Persians. Khomeini retaliated by calling the Baathist regime a puppet of Satan. In April  1980, Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz survived an assassination attempt, which Saddam blamed on the Iranians. As Iraqi Shias began to respond to the Ayatollah Khomeinis call for revolt, Saddam cracked down hard, even hanging Iraqs top Shia Ayatollah, Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr, in April of 1980. Rhetoric and skirmishes continued from both sides throughout the summer, though Iran was not at all militarily prepared for war. Iraq Invades Iran On September 22, 1980, Iraq launched an all-out invasion of Iran. It began with airstrikes against the Iranian Air Force, followed by a three-pronged ground invasion by six Iraqi Army divisions along a 400-mile-long front in the Iranian province of Khuzestan. Saddam Hussein expected ethnic Arabs in Khuzestan to rise up in support of the invasion, but they did not, perhaps because they were predominantly Shiite. The unprepared Iranian army was joined by the Revolutionary Guards in their efforts to fight off the Iraqi invaders. By November, a corps of some 200,000 Islamic volunteers (untrained Iranian civilians) were also throwing themselves against the invading forces. The war settled into a stalemate throughout much of 1981. By 1982, Iran had gathered its forces and successfully launched a counter-offensive, using human waves of Basij volunteers to drive the Iraqis back from Khorramshahr. In April, Saddam Hussein withdrew his forces from Iranian territory. However, Iranian calls for the end to monarchy in the Middle East convinced reluctant Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to begin sending billions of dollars in aid to Iraq; none of the Sunni powers wished to see Iranian-style Shia revolution spreading southward. On June 20, 1982, Saddam Hussein called for a ceasefire that would return everything to the pre-war status quo. However, Ayatollah Khomeini rejected the proffered peace, calling for Saddam Husseins removal from power. The Iranian clerical government began to prepare for an invasion of Iraq, over the objections of its surviving military officers. Iran Invades Iraq On July 13, 1982, Iranian forces crossed into Iraq, heading for the city of Basra. The Iraqis, however, were prepared; they had an elaborate series of trenches and bunkers dug into the earth, and Iran soon ran short on ammunition. In addition, Saddams forces deployed chemical weapons against their opponents. The ayatollahs army was quickly reduced to complete dependence on suicide attacks by human waves. Children were sent to run across mine-fields, clearing the mines before the adult Iranian soldiers could hit them, and instantly become martyrs in the process. Alarmed by the prospect of further Islamic revolutions, President Ronald Reagan announced that the U.S. would do whatever was necessary to prevent Iraq from losing the war with Iran. Interestingly enough, the Soviet Union and France also came to Saddam Husseins aid, while China, North Korea, and Libya were supplying the Iranians. Throughout 1983, the Iranians launched five major attacks against the Iraqi lines, but their under-armed human waves could not break through the Iraqi entrenchments. In retaliation, Saddam Hussein sent missile attacks against eleven Iranian cities. An Iranian push through the marshes ended with them gaining a position just 40 miles from Basra, but the Iraqis held them there. The Tanker War In the spring of 1984, the Iran-Iraq War entered a new, maritime phase when Iraq attacked Iranian oil tankers in the Persian Gulf. Iran responded by attacking the oil tankers of both Iraq and its Arab allies. Alarmed, the U.S. threatened to join the war if the oil supply was cut off. Saudi F-15s retaliated for attacks against the kingdoms shipping by shooting down an Iranian plane in June  1984. The tanker war continued through 1987. In that year, U.S. and Soviet naval ships offered escorts to oil tankers to prevent them being targeted by the belligerents. A total of 546 civilian ships were attacked and 430 merchant seamen killed in the tanker war. Bloody Stalemate On land, the years 1985 to 1987 saw Iran and Iraq trading offensives and counter-offensives, without either side gaining much territory. The fighting was incredibly bloody, often with tens of thousands killed on each side in a matter of days. In February of 1988, Saddam unleashed the fifth and deadliest missile attack on Irans cities. Simultaneously, Iraq began to prepare a major offensive to push the Iranians out of Iraqi territory. Worn down by eight years of fighting and the incredibly high toll in lives, Irans revolutionary government began to consider accepting a peace deal. On July 20, 1988, the Iranian government announced that it would accept a UN-brokered ceasefire, although Ayatollah Khomeini likened it to drinking from a poisoned chalice. Saddam Hussein demanded that the Ayatollah revoke his call for Saddams removal before he would sign the deal. However, the Gulf States leaned on Saddam, who finally accepted the ceasefire as it stood. In the end, Iran accepted the same peace terms the Ayatollah had rejected in 1982. After eight years of fighting, Iran and Iraq returned to the antebellum status quo - nothing had changed, geopolitically. What had changed was that an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 Iranians were dead, along with more than 300,000 Iraqis. Also, Iraq had seen the devastating effects of chemical weapons, which it later deployed against its own Kurdish population as well as the Marsh Arabs. The Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88 was one of the longest in modern times, and it ended in a draw. Perhaps the most important point to be drawn from it is the danger of allowing religious fanaticism on one side to clash with a leaders megalomania on the other.

How to Use and Where to Find a Helpful and Simple IEEE Format Example

How to Use and Where to Find a Helpful and Simple IEEE Format Example Students who choose computer science classes should be familiar with the IEEE reference style and format their assigned paper accordingly. You need to master it, no matter if you study programming, information technologies, web communication, computer science, management, or similar disciplines. Find a good IEEE format example to make things easier. It will provide you with useful information and a list of helpful suggestions and guidelines to write your next text correctly. What is the IEEE format? This question is often asked by confused students who need some guides. The IEEE is a professional organization that supports different IT and engineering fields, and it has established its own writing manual to let both professionals and students in relevant areas organize their references and writing works. Read this important journal to get a clearer idea of basic rules. Check out a brilliant IEEE format example to understand that this style consists of two crucial elements: References; In-text direct and indirect citations. What are in-text citations? They are brief quotes taken from both secondary and primary sources, and you need to number them in square brackets. Each number identifies a complete citation listed in your bibliography or works cited list, but many students call such citations references. A list of references is in their numerical order. The IEEE manual is lengthy and complex, and that’s why you should read this brief guide because it will help you save time in the end. ORDER PAPER IN IEEE FORMAT How to cite in the IEEE format? Each reference must have its corresponding IEEE citation in the main body of your research paper or academic essay. What is the difference between indirect and direct in-text citations? The main difference is that direct citations duplicate original quotes, while the indirect ones are the same ideas paraphrased by you. Each time you want to add a citation, insert a specific number within square brackets to help readers find complete references on your reference page. Make sure that it’s a separate section of your assignment. A complete IEEE format reference contains the information necessary to help other people find more details about your discussed subject with ease, including: Publication places and dates; Full titles; Authors’ initials and surnames; Some smaller details, such as page numbers or volumes. Corresponding numbers should show up before every reference. How to create IEEE citations? In-text citations shouldn’t necessarily contain such details as quotes pages, authors’ names, or publication dates, and you can mention sources using special numbers in a bracket line. It must match a complete citation in your bibliography. Insert in-text citations to back up major arguments in the main body (before any punctuation and with a space before opening brackets). Number all sources in the order you mention them. After referencing and assigning numbers to them, feel free to use the same corresponding numbers each time you need to quote these sources in your paper. If you cite many sources simultaneously, apply the best approach and provide every number separately (in brackets and use dashes or commas between numbers). Most experts apply the same formatting approach. How to write your reference page? Based on IEEE formatting requirements, a page that contains your full bibliography is called a reference list or page, and you need to put in at the end of your writing project. The basic goal that it serves is to provide full citations for each source that you use to describe in-text citations. Add all references in their numerical sequence. Don’t forget to include their bracketed numbers at the beginning. Follow these simple rules: Word "References" is the title of this page (you can either align it left at the top or put it in the center); Use a hanging indent for each reference with numbers in brackets to identify the right numerical order; The titles of your cited sources, including magazines, newspapers, articles, or others, should be in quotation marks; The titles of all works should be in italics; List surnames and initials as authors’ names. PLACE YOUR ORDER HERE Where to find excellent examples? The IEEE updates its writing manual on a regular basis. You should visit its official website to know all the changes made to such vital format elements as: Footnotes; Abbreviations; Punctuation; Section headings; Biographies; Tags Equations and numbers; Capitalization. How to style and cite references? There are some basic rules that remain the same, regardless of new editions, and they concern: Direct quotes; Findings, data, tables, and graphics. Place a text from your sources in quotation marks. Add quotations to original sources, summarize or rewrite them, and come up with citations when making a summary of or restating data from them, including claims, ideas, verdicts, and research. Cite your original sources when adapting, referring to, and taking any information from them to format your academic paper successfully and earn high grades. Why is citing essential for your academic performance? Some students don’t gain the point of citing. It’s an important element of academic writing for different reasons: Plagiarism is a big problem, and incorrect citing equals to it; Formatting plays a huge role in final grades; Full references help readers to conduct their research and learn more about specific problems; It’s unethical to steal the words of other authors. You shouldn’t count on your good marks if you fail to cite your sources of information based on IEEE formatting rules. What if you need expert help? Turn to our team of qualified and experienced writers because they will help you format all papers and do other things for you.

The Rule of Saint Benedict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Rule of Saint Benedict - Essay Example One of the reasons why it was and remains so popular is its objectivity, which makes it much more sustainable than related precepts especially because it allows for a moderate line between the zeal of individual devotion and institutionalism1. The rule was essentially designed to create an environment in which the needs of monks in communities could be provided to foster a deeper understanding into human nature, providing spiritual mentorship, support the monk’s ascetic endeavors and develop spiritual growth. This paper will endeavor to analyze the text by primarily focusing on; the historical context in which the Rule emerged, the factors that drove Saint Benedict to write it, his secondary sources of information and the role the rules played and continue to play in religious and non-religious discourse. For as long as it has existed, the rule has been used by Benedictine monks and to many scholars, saint Benedict is considered to be the originator of western monasticism alth ough historians had suggested that he probably had no outward intention of starting a religious order. Among the many advantages of these rules is that they allow of communities of monks to be autonomous and thus operate without outside influence or direct co-operation. Consequently, communities that apply these rules have enjoyed a variety of benefits from the accruing independence such as the development of close internal bonds and more contemplative lifestyles without outside distraction. While the book is quite explicit on some of it requirements, it is not iron clad and it allows the Abbott to use his discretion when circumstances demand it.2 The lessons, according to Benedict were not meant to dictate but provide a guide of those wishing to spend their lives in holy contemplation especially beginners. Overview The rule has seventy-three chapters and these are divided into edicts about the duties of the abbot, regulation of worshiping God, chastisement and consequences for brea king rules, the core management of the monastery and miscellaneous rules. It prologues with a hortary preface through which Saint Benedict lays down the basic tenets of the religious life and the renunciation of an individual’s will to take up a life of Christ In his summation, the rules will serve as the foundation for the formation of a school in which salvation shall the taught as a science. Through their perseverance in the monastery for the duration of their natural lives, monks will be deemed as qualified to be partakers of the kingdom of Christ Owing to the scope of the rules, it is not possible to summarize it explicitly by the chapter since that would require an entire paper of considerable length. Nevertheless, several of the rules, which have a bearing on the historical context to the text, will be briefly discussed herein. Benedict makes it clear that the rule is only relevant to two classes of monks, those are the Cenobites, Hermits, and it precludes the Gyrovagi and Sarabites who did not follow any specific code and were, in Benedict’s opinion a disgrace to the monastic profession. He emphasizes on the authority of the abbot who all the monks must obey without question and in the selfsame way requires the abbot is an honorable and godly individual. Concerning the personal lives of the monk, the rules demand that they must live frugally and what little they have such as extra clothes should be