Relationship Between Leadership Styles And Generations

An Examination of the Relationship between Leadership Styles and Generations in the Workforce by Jenniffer Katrinda McQueen An Applied Dissertation Submitted to the Abraham S. Fischler School of Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Nova Southeastern University 2014 Chapter 1: Introduction Statement of the Problem Successful organizations identify many factors that are direct contributors to their overall success. While leadership is recorded as a contributor, it is difficult for organizations to fully understand how leadership makes its contribution. Exactly how are leadership and the contributions of leaders measured when determining organizational success? Organizational effectiveness is the term used by Helms (2001) to present the topic of organizational success. Helms also records â€Å"the general assumption that measures of organizational effectiveness are readily available and addressed this assumption by presenting the four models that are most often presented in the literature: production, commitment, leadership, and interpersonal conflict† (2001,  ¶5). At the same time leadership is included in a model for measuring organizational effectiveness, it is also noted as being at the core of many challenges an organization may face. External forces, such as the economy can put pressure on an organization that creates a demand for competent leadership for effectiveness (Helms, 2001).Show MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Leadership Styles And Organizational Structures On Innovation965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Leadership Styles and Organizational Structures on Innovation Introduction Currently, organizations are immersed in a dynamic and competitive environment. 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The strategic literature highlights leadership style as an especially important influence on organizational innovation (Garcia-Morales, Jimenez-Barrionuevo, Gutierr ez-Gutierrez, 2012). Contingency Theory Contingency theories are based upon the current leadership situation and are subject to change depending on the goal to be achieved (Waters, 2013). In contingency theory, the effectiveness of the leadership style depends upon the task, the leader’s

The Reconstruction Of Power By Margaret Atwood - 943 Words

Haley Hollimon LTC Bozeman EN 102, L19 3 February 2015 The Reconstruction of Power Throughout The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood utilizes various elements of fiction to develop and question the concept of power and control in the patriarchal society of Gilead. Offred, the main Handmaid, is the instrument of which Atwood delivers her message about corruption and power. Offred’s vague diction, unreliable characterization, and erratic tone illustrate the distress of this transitional society (Abcarian 1403-1404). In the beginning of Chapter 23, the role of memory in the novel expands, and the readers test the narrator’s creditability. Offred concludes that all of her memories are â€Å"reconstructions†, and that she will continue this practice even if she escapes Gilead. She continues to relate fluid memories to forgiveness and forgiveness to an unnaturally complacent and obedient population (Atwood 134-135). Identifying a powerful relationship between memories, forgiveness, and power, Offred suggests that the main source of Gileadâ€⠄¢s totalitarian power is the regime’s ability to manipulate its citizens’ will to forgive past transgressions. Reconstruction is the underlying theme of Offred’s speech in the beginning of Chapter 23. The term reconstruction denotes complete destruction of the old to usher in a new. Interestingly, Chapter 23 is in a section labeled â€Å"Birth Day†. The section name further illustrates the theme of reconstruction, for both words symbolize new beginningsShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1591 Words   |  7 PagesWritten by Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid’s Tale is a dystopian novel set in the near future where the United States is overthrown and a military dictatorship forms called the Republic of Gilead. Gilead is a society that reconsolidates power and creates a new hierarchical regime that limits women entirely of their rights. The rulers of this dystopia are centrally concerned with dominating their subjects through the control of their experiences, time, memory, and history. A woman called Offred narratesRead MoreAnalyse and Compare the Significance and Effectiveness of the Ways the Author of the Novels Choose to Open and End their Narratives1934 Words   |  8 PagesIt is a common view that the opening and ending of a novel is considered the most memorable and pertinent. Therefore, both authors, Ishiguro and Atwood, utilise openings and endings in their novels significantly. The opening of a novel plays a major part in establishing the tone of what is to come, with the ending leaving a lasting, final impression on the reader. The security of the first person narration in Never Let Me Go encourages the reader to engage with Kathy H in order to destroy our relationship

Strategic Business Management Dairy Company

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Business Managementfor Dairy Company. Answer: Introduction This paper is a presentation to the board of directors of a business report for the management activities taken for the dairy company operating in an open market with four other competitors. The paper articulates the decisions made and an evaluation of their outcome as justification for why the decisions were taken. At inception in 2013, the second quarter of the year returned no income because production had not started and setting up operations was taking up money, which is expected. The unit began processing and producing dairy products in the following quarter and achieved some sales. However, the period also coincides with the business beginning to seek out market share; at this point the company has minimal market share and therefore engaged in aggressive marketing strategies. The company focused on producing just two products in roughly equal amounts as shown by the sales volumes. Because of aggressively seeking market share, the cost of sales ate significantly into the revenues; further, the company had very little market share so the sales were not much. Coupled with a high proportion of fixed expenses, the business made a loss (Lack, 2013). In the following quarter, the strategy was still to focus on aggressive marketing to seek a market share; here strategies like aggressive pricing t o attract new customers plus very high quality products that attract extra production costs increased production costs. Getting market feedback led to a wider product range to cater to market needs hence the addition of chocolate flavored milk to the product range. The gross profit improved as sales increased, but new product lines and the associated marketing costs led to an increase in operating expenses so for the entire first year the business suffered a loss although the cash flow was positive. A positive cash flow is essential to keep business operations running and help the company gain market share (Reider Heyler, 2003). The new product line showed better returns (gross profit) hence justifying the reason for commencing its production. With market a condition improving, such as research showing the benefits of dairy products, production was increased to reflect market changes. There was still greater focus on the chocolate flavored milk and lite milk because of their higher returns and the fact that the full cream milk market was saturated and hence had lower returns because it has to be priced to keep up with competitors. The strategy at this point was still; to increase market share and gain a foothold in the market (Bentley Davis, 2010). In the second year of operation, the company was able to record improved gross profit in all the quarters due to aggressive marketing and product differentiation as well as effective response to market conditions. For instance news reports stated that dairy conferred health benefits, especially for lite milk; while value addition and product differentiation by pr oducing chocolate flavored milk helped ramp up the sales (Dearlove, 2007). However, the fourth quarter, for instance, returned a loss as operating expenses rose faster than sales, despite increasing gross profits. There was need to increase marketing and advertising as well as raise production to respond to increasing demand for the companys products, hence the company reported a significant net loss with a negative cash flow. The performance in 2014 was not satisfactory hence requiring a change for strategy in the next quarter, specifically to reduce operating expenses such as in advertising and promotion to balance the books. A significant reduction in operating expenses in the first quarter of 2015 helped return the business to profitability and external factors helped the situation. One competitor (the oldest dairy firm) went out of business while dairy prices normalized and competition became less stiff. Eliminating chocolate flavored milk from production was necessary to respond to adverse market conditions and this helped lower operating costs; with a prediction of milk prices increasing, the management needed to take full advantage. Increased dairy prices and reduced competition informed managements decision to restart chocolate flavored dairy milk production; operating expenses were kept at a minimum and this helped the company register a profit, though still with a negative cash flow. It is absolutely essential that a company responds proactively and effectively to changes in the competitive business environment (Porter, 2002). While gross profits increased in the next quarter, operating expenses also increased; the increase is attributed to chocolate flavored milk whose production costs are high hence the company recorded a net loss and a negative cash flow. The 10th quarter since inception resulted in increasing operating expenses and led to net losses and negative cash flows as the companys market share had not hit critical mass to guarantee returns. Effort was still placed on aggressive marketing to gain more market share. Prudent management and higher efficiencies saw operating expenses drop, leading to a profit although the cash flow position remained negative in the 11th quarter. In the 12th and 13th quarter, operating expenses were kept low resulting in profitability despite the cash flows being negative due to heavy investments in gaining more market share. Focus was placed on product segments that brought the highest returns and where the company would compete favorably with the competition while operating expenses were kept low; market share growth started to slacken, although the company returned a profit and had a positive cash flow as operating expenses were further reduced in the 14th quarter. The market conditions, being favorable (with stable prices and a promise of increase in dairy prices), production was maintained and operating expenses kept low while pricing remained competitive. This was maintained in the 15th quarter where profitability and positive cash flows were maintained. While chocolate flavored milk had the lowest sales, it was the second most profitable segment. Maintaining the same strategy for 2017 for the subsequent quarters is considered the best strategy as it guarantees the company can continue being profitable and will help improve the share price, hence leading to an increase in capital (from shareholder contributions); much needed to keep the business afloat in a relatively volatile business environment. Higher efficiencies in using the available capital and assets of the business to generate revenue were considered an important strategy to keep operating expenses low. Especially that the business market share growth was slackening and competitors were becoming more aggressive with new product lines. However, the company sought the strategy of having a niche market of lite milk and chocolate flavored milk with full cream milk produced to cater to the needs of the wider market segment (Patricia, 2017), (Bennett, 2014). The strategy is to increase profits and profitability through value products for a niche market; having fewer products can result in greater profits when combined with having a niche market (Edelson, 2011). This is informed by the fact that having more product lines result in greater manufacturing costs that eventually eat into profits as operating costs rise. Therefore, the strategy is to consolidate manufacturing so that few products that have higher profitability are produced for a niche market. Consumers are gradually showing a preference for fewer product lines (fewer choices) and simple but engaging customer experiences (Ashkenas, 2010). Thus a strategy of focusing on a smaller product line helps reduce overhead costs, especially those associated with manufacturing the many different products such as dairy milk powder, which competitors produce. Maintaining this strategy for 2017 will help ensure the business is fairly shielded from external shocks such as fluctuations in product prices and competitive pressure from competitors. The management prefers a strategy of flexibility and high levels of efficiency as the previous quarters in 2014 showed that aggressive marketing and market penetration tactics, including aggressive pricing resulted in increased overheads and hence high operating expenses that resulted in losses and negative cash flows. These factors served to compound the situation for the company, in light of highly competitive and fluctuating prices. Based on facts and past research, the management figures that consumers prefer smaller product choices and hence the company should focus on its niche markets, responding as required to shocks in the external market. For instance, at one time, the production of chocolate flavored milk had to be stopped for a whole quarter since the business environment was challenging and led to huge losses. Because producing chocolate flavored milk has many overheads, the result was a steep rise in operating expenses that led to losses and negative cash flows. Adopting principles such as activity based costing (ABC) will help allocate costs and overheads more effectively to guarantee higher efficiency in running the business to ensure greater profitability and positive cash flows. ABC coupled with lean principles of eliminating waste such as just in time (JIT) and continuous improvement f processes such as Kanban and kaizen ensure that wastages and hence, operating costs are minimized to ensure continued profitability and positive cash flows (Kaplan Anderson, 2007), (Jones 73). These help keep the share prices up and therefore provide the much needed extra capital from shareholder contributions while also improving shareholder value. The company will also adopt a growth strategy by focusing on expanding the market for lite milk whose health benefits have been reported in the media to increase profitability because 2017 to 2018 and 2019 have seen stagnant growth, with profitability remaining in a plateau. With competitors making substitute products, the company for example experienced a negative cash flow in the 21st quarter as price fluctuations led to zero profits in full cream milk leading to a loss. External factors, increasing competition and aggressive pricing saw another net loss in the 22nd quarter although with a positive cash flow. The production of lite milk and chocolate milk should be increased and that for full cream milk drastically reduced as it is no longer profitable and just adds to overheads that lead to losses. Market forces of normal and increasing milk prices helped the company return to profitability in the 24th and 25th quarters. References Ashkenas, R. (2010). Could Fewer Products Lead to More Profits?. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://hbr.org/2010/12/could-fewer-products-lead-to- m.html Bennett, J. (2014). Get Rich in a Niche: The Insider's Guide to Self-Publishing in a Niche Market (1st ed.). New York: Red Bike Publishing. Bentley, W. Davis, P. (2010). Lean six sigma secrets for the CIO (1st ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. Dearlove, D. (2007). Business the Richard Branson way (1st ed.). Chichester, UK: Capstone. Edelson, E. (2017). How We Make More Money With Fewer Products. Cbsnews.com. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-we-make-more-money-with-fewer-products/ Jones, Erick C. Quality Management For Organizations Using Lean Six Sigma Techniques. 1st ed. CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2014. Print. Kaplan, R. Anderson, S. (2007). Time-driven activity-based costing (1st ed.). Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Lack, J. (2013). Plan to turn your company around in 90 days (1st ed.). [New York?]: Apress. Patricia,. (2017). What is niche marketing? And 8 good reasons why you should bother and not worry about losing out - The Design Trust. The Design Trust. Retrieved 8 February 2017,from https://www.thedesigntrust.co.uk/what-is-niche-marketing/ Porter, M. (2002). How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://hbr.org/1979/03/how-competitive-forces-shape-strategy Reider, R. Heyler, P. (2003). Managing cash flow (1st ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

Wuthering Heights Quote Analysis free essay sample

She flung the tea back, spoon and all, and resumed her chair in a pet; her forehead corrugated, and her red under lip pushed out, like a child’s ready to cry. † P. 12This passage has sensory details describing young Mrs. Heathcliff. â€Å"Chair in a pet† is referred to as a sulky mood. The author, Emily Bronte, used diction that included metaphors and similes to describe details in the story. While referring to characters and moods in this story, Bronte used quite a bit of comparison so we know what they specifically look like instead of creating the image in our head for ourselves. I believe Bronte wanted to portray a certain mood by doing this. She wanted to make sure we know the details well so we could feel every emotion that she felt while writing this. Doubtless Catherine marked the difference between her friends, as one came in and the other went out. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights Quote Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The contrast resembled what you see in exchanging a bleak, hilly, coal country for a beautiful fertile valley. † P. 63 I learned more about Catherine later on in the book than I did in the beginning. This paragraph has character development. Catherine had an adventurous, fun-loving side that she was with Heathcliff but she also had a different relationship with Edgar who was wealthy. Edgar and Heathcliff did not get along and when Catherine decided to marry Edgar, it broke Heathcliff’s heart. At that point we learn that Catherine had an unruly side. This passage explains how Catherine compared Heathcliff to Edgar and regardless of their hatred towards each other; she continued to see both of them. She was a stubborn woman. She was almost like a different person with both of them. â€Å"He muttered detached words also; the only one I could catch was the name of Catherine, coupled with some wild term of endearment or suffering. † P. 321 I believe that the moral of this book is that vengeance is empty. Seeking revenge will not make you happy in the end. You might even end up feeling guilty. This is what Heathcliff experienced in his last years. This passage describes Heathcliff as being miserable, lying in his death bed while yearning for his love, Catherine. The narrator, Nelly, is telling readers of the last few days of Heathcliff’s life and all he seems to think about is Catherine. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him: and that, not because hes handsome, Nelly, but because hes more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Lintons is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire. Catherine had a struggle of making her own decisions against society. This passage has a connection to society. Bronte used the word â€Å"downgrade† to describe the situation of Catherine and Heathcliff being together. Status and rank were very important in the 1800s. Even though Catherine loved Heathcliff with all her heart, her family and friends probably would’ve been very upset if she were to marry Heathcliff. Wealth was much more important than love in society’s eyes. Catherine describes her soul as being made of the same material as Heathcliff’s. The diction she used created a lot of passion and emotion for the reader to take in. By saying this, Catherine was implying that they were meant to be but were forbidden to be together because of the rivalry between families and because of Heathcliff’s poor status. â€Å"Well, if I cannot keep Heathcliff for my friendif Edgar will be mean and jealous, Ill try to break their hearts by breaking my own. That will be a prompt way of finishing all, when I am pushed to extremity! This quote is said by Catherine. Her point by saying this is to make Heathcliff and Edgar feel heartbroken by making herself miserable. Catherine thought by taking things to extremes, it would solve everything and make them feel bad for her. I had a strong reaction to this. I immediately thought, â€Å"how stupid could she be? † This tactic of hers will not solve anything! It will just make everyone miserable. This also happens in modern day. People will try to make others feel bad for them to get attention and feel important but it always gets flipped around on them. I had a personal reaction to this because I can relate to this situation.