Relationship Between Leadership Styles And Generations

An Examination of the Relationship between Leadership Styles and Generations in the Workforce by Jenniffer Katrinda McQueen An Applied Dissertation Submitted to the Abraham S. Fischler School of Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Nova Southeastern University 2014 Chapter 1: Introduction Statement of the Problem Successful organizations identify many factors that are direct contributors to their overall success. While leadership is recorded as a contributor, it is difficult for organizations to fully understand how leadership makes its contribution. Exactly how are leadership and the contributions of leaders measured when determining organizational success? Organizational effectiveness is the term used by Helms (2001) to present the topic of organizational success. Helms also records â€Å"the general assumption that measures of organizational effectiveness are readily available and addressed this assumption by presenting the four models that are most often presented in the literature: production, commitment, leadership, and interpersonal conflict† (2001,  ¶5). At the same time leadership is included in a model for measuring organizational effectiveness, it is also noted as being at the core of many challenges an organization may face. External forces, such as the economy can put pressure on an organization that creates a demand for competent leadership for effectiveness (Helms, 2001).Show MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Leadership Styles And Organizational Structures On Innovation965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Leadership Styles and Organizational Structures on Innovation Introduction Currently, organizations are immersed in a dynamic and competitive environment. 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When bridging these distinct generations, the question I raise is: How do we developRead MorePolitical Leadership : United Kingdom, China, And Russia Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pageshaving their own style. Democracy, tyranny, communism, or organizations help keep order in each country. With that, how the way the country is run may aid in the relationships with another country. Many of the world’s innovating, powerful countries are seen to have major differences with their style of political leadership --United States, United Kingdom, China, and Russia. Today, many leaders around the world are being analyzed on what is more effective with their different style in order to buildRead MoreThe And Transformational Transactional Organizational Theories Of Leadership1735 Words   |  7 Pagestransformational-transactional organizational theories of leadership. The strategic literature highlights leadership style as an especially important influence on organizational innovation (Garcia-Morales, Jimenez-Barrionuevo, Gutierr ez-Gutierrez, 2012). Contingency Theory Contingency theories are based upon the current leadership situation and are subject to change depending on the goal to be achieved (Waters, 2013). In contingency theory, the effectiveness of the leadership style depends upon the task, the leader’s

The Reconstruction Of Power By Margaret Atwood - 943 Words

Haley Hollimon LTC Bozeman EN 102, L19 3 February 2015 The Reconstruction of Power Throughout The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood utilizes various elements of fiction to develop and question the concept of power and control in the patriarchal society of Gilead. Offred, the main Handmaid, is the instrument of which Atwood delivers her message about corruption and power. Offred’s vague diction, unreliable characterization, and erratic tone illustrate the distress of this transitional society (Abcarian 1403-1404). In the beginning of Chapter 23, the role of memory in the novel expands, and the readers test the narrator’s creditability. Offred concludes that all of her memories are â€Å"reconstructions†, and that she will continue this practice even if she escapes Gilead. She continues to relate fluid memories to forgiveness and forgiveness to an unnaturally complacent and obedient population (Atwood 134-135). Identifying a powerful relationship between memories, forgiveness, and power, Offred suggests that the main source of Gileadâ€⠄¢s totalitarian power is the regime’s ability to manipulate its citizens’ will to forgive past transgressions. Reconstruction is the underlying theme of Offred’s speech in the beginning of Chapter 23. The term reconstruction denotes complete destruction of the old to usher in a new. Interestingly, Chapter 23 is in a section labeled â€Å"Birth Day†. The section name further illustrates the theme of reconstruction, for both words symbolize new beginningsShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1591 Words   |  7 PagesWritten by Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid’s Tale is a dystopian novel set in the near future where the United States is overthrown and a military dictatorship forms called the Republic of Gilead. Gilead is a society that reconsolidates power and creates a new hierarchical regime that limits women entirely of their rights. The rulers of this dystopia are centrally concerned with dominating their subjects through the control of their experiences, time, memory, and history. A woman called Offred narratesRead MoreAnalyse and Compare the Significance and Effectiveness of the Ways the Author of the Novels Choose to Open and End their Narratives1934 Words   |  8 PagesIt is a common view that the opening and ending of a novel is considered the most memorable and pertinent. Therefore, both authors, Ishiguro and Atwood, utilise openings and endings in their novels significantly. The opening of a novel plays a major part in establishing the tone of what is to come, with the ending leaving a lasting, final impression on the reader. The security of the first person narration in Never Let Me Go encourages the reader to engage with Kathy H in order to destroy our relationship

Strategic Business Management Dairy Company

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Business Managementfor Dairy Company. Answer: Introduction This paper is a presentation to the board of directors of a business report for the management activities taken for the dairy company operating in an open market with four other competitors. The paper articulates the decisions made and an evaluation of their outcome as justification for why the decisions were taken. At inception in 2013, the second quarter of the year returned no income because production had not started and setting up operations was taking up money, which is expected. The unit began processing and producing dairy products in the following quarter and achieved some sales. However, the period also coincides with the business beginning to seek out market share; at this point the company has minimal market share and therefore engaged in aggressive marketing strategies. The company focused on producing just two products in roughly equal amounts as shown by the sales volumes. Because of aggressively seeking market share, the cost of sales ate significantly into the revenues; further, the company had very little market share so the sales were not much. Coupled with a high proportion of fixed expenses, the business made a loss (Lack, 2013). In the following quarter, the strategy was still to focus on aggressive marketing to seek a market share; here strategies like aggressive pricing t o attract new customers plus very high quality products that attract extra production costs increased production costs. Getting market feedback led to a wider product range to cater to market needs hence the addition of chocolate flavored milk to the product range. The gross profit improved as sales increased, but new product lines and the associated marketing costs led to an increase in operating expenses so for the entire first year the business suffered a loss although the cash flow was positive. A positive cash flow is essential to keep business operations running and help the company gain market share (Reider Heyler, 2003). The new product line showed better returns (gross profit) hence justifying the reason for commencing its production. With market a condition improving, such as research showing the benefits of dairy products, production was increased to reflect market changes. There was still greater focus on the chocolate flavored milk and lite milk because of their higher returns and the fact that the full cream milk market was saturated and hence had lower returns because it has to be priced to keep up with competitors. The strategy at this point was still; to increase market share and gain a foothold in the market (Bentley Davis, 2010). In the second year of operation, the company was able to record improved gross profit in all the quarters due to aggressive marketing and product differentiation as well as effective response to market conditions. For instance news reports stated that dairy conferred health benefits, especially for lite milk; while value addition and product differentiation by pr oducing chocolate flavored milk helped ramp up the sales (Dearlove, 2007). However, the fourth quarter, for instance, returned a loss as operating expenses rose faster than sales, despite increasing gross profits. There was need to increase marketing and advertising as well as raise production to respond to increasing demand for the companys products, hence the company reported a significant net loss with a negative cash flow. The performance in 2014 was not satisfactory hence requiring a change for strategy in the next quarter, specifically to reduce operating expenses such as in advertising and promotion to balance the books. A significant reduction in operating expenses in the first quarter of 2015 helped return the business to profitability and external factors helped the situation. One competitor (the oldest dairy firm) went out of business while dairy prices normalized and competition became less stiff. Eliminating chocolate flavored milk from production was necessary to respond to adverse market conditions and this helped lower operating costs; with a prediction of milk prices increasing, the management needed to take full advantage. Increased dairy prices and reduced competition informed managements decision to restart chocolate flavored dairy milk production; operating expenses were kept at a minimum and this helped the company register a profit, though still with a negative cash flow. It is absolutely essential that a company responds proactively and effectively to changes in the competitive business environment (Porter, 2002). While gross profits increased in the next quarter, operating expenses also increased; the increase is attributed to chocolate flavored milk whose production costs are high hence the company recorded a net loss and a negative cash flow. The 10th quarter since inception resulted in increasing operating expenses and led to net losses and negative cash flows as the companys market share had not hit critical mass to guarantee returns. Effort was still placed on aggressive marketing to gain more market share. Prudent management and higher efficiencies saw operating expenses drop, leading to a profit although the cash flow position remained negative in the 11th quarter. In the 12th and 13th quarter, operating expenses were kept low resulting in profitability despite the cash flows being negative due to heavy investments in gaining more market share. Focus was placed on product segments that brought the highest returns and where the company would compete favorably with the competition while operating expenses were kept low; market share growth started to slacken, although the company returned a profit and had a positive cash flow as operating expenses were further reduced in the 14th quarter. The market conditions, being favorable (with stable prices and a promise of increase in dairy prices), production was maintained and operating expenses kept low while pricing remained competitive. This was maintained in the 15th quarter where profitability and positive cash flows were maintained. While chocolate flavored milk had the lowest sales, it was the second most profitable segment. Maintaining the same strategy for 2017 for the subsequent quarters is considered the best strategy as it guarantees the company can continue being profitable and will help improve the share price, hence leading to an increase in capital (from shareholder contributions); much needed to keep the business afloat in a relatively volatile business environment. Higher efficiencies in using the available capital and assets of the business to generate revenue were considered an important strategy to keep operating expenses low. Especially that the business market share growth was slackening and competitors were becoming more aggressive with new product lines. However, the company sought the strategy of having a niche market of lite milk and chocolate flavored milk with full cream milk produced to cater to the needs of the wider market segment (Patricia, 2017), (Bennett, 2014). The strategy is to increase profits and profitability through value products for a niche market; having fewer products can result in greater profits when combined with having a niche market (Edelson, 2011). This is informed by the fact that having more product lines result in greater manufacturing costs that eventually eat into profits as operating costs rise. Therefore, the strategy is to consolidate manufacturing so that few products that have higher profitability are produced for a niche market. Consumers are gradually showing a preference for fewer product lines (fewer choices) and simple but engaging customer experiences (Ashkenas, 2010). Thus a strategy of focusing on a smaller product line helps reduce overhead costs, especially those associated with manufacturing the many different products such as dairy milk powder, which competitors produce. Maintaining this strategy for 2017 will help ensure the business is fairly shielded from external shocks such as fluctuations in product prices and competitive pressure from competitors. The management prefers a strategy of flexibility and high levels of efficiency as the previous quarters in 2014 showed that aggressive marketing and market penetration tactics, including aggressive pricing resulted in increased overheads and hence high operating expenses that resulted in losses and negative cash flows. These factors served to compound the situation for the company, in light of highly competitive and fluctuating prices. Based on facts and past research, the management figures that consumers prefer smaller product choices and hence the company should focus on its niche markets, responding as required to shocks in the external market. For instance, at one time, the production of chocolate flavored milk had to be stopped for a whole quarter since the business environment was challenging and led to huge losses. Because producing chocolate flavored milk has many overheads, the result was a steep rise in operating expenses that led to losses and negative cash flows. Adopting principles such as activity based costing (ABC) will help allocate costs and overheads more effectively to guarantee higher efficiency in running the business to ensure greater profitability and positive cash flows. ABC coupled with lean principles of eliminating waste such as just in time (JIT) and continuous improvement f processes such as Kanban and kaizen ensure that wastages and hence, operating costs are minimized to ensure continued profitability and positive cash flows (Kaplan Anderson, 2007), (Jones 73). These help keep the share prices up and therefore provide the much needed extra capital from shareholder contributions while also improving shareholder value. The company will also adopt a growth strategy by focusing on expanding the market for lite milk whose health benefits have been reported in the media to increase profitability because 2017 to 2018 and 2019 have seen stagnant growth, with profitability remaining in a plateau. With competitors making substitute products, the company for example experienced a negative cash flow in the 21st quarter as price fluctuations led to zero profits in full cream milk leading to a loss. External factors, increasing competition and aggressive pricing saw another net loss in the 22nd quarter although with a positive cash flow. The production of lite milk and chocolate milk should be increased and that for full cream milk drastically reduced as it is no longer profitable and just adds to overheads that lead to losses. Market forces of normal and increasing milk prices helped the company return to profitability in the 24th and 25th quarters. References Ashkenas, R. (2010). Could Fewer Products Lead to More Profits?. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://hbr.org/2010/12/could-fewer-products-lead-to- m.html Bennett, J. (2014). Get Rich in a Niche: The Insider's Guide to Self-Publishing in a Niche Market (1st ed.). New York: Red Bike Publishing. Bentley, W. Davis, P. (2010). Lean six sigma secrets for the CIO (1st ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. Dearlove, D. (2007). Business the Richard Branson way (1st ed.). Chichester, UK: Capstone. Edelson, E. (2017). How We Make More Money With Fewer Products. Cbsnews.com. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-we-make-more-money-with-fewer-products/ Jones, Erick C. Quality Management For Organizations Using Lean Six Sigma Techniques. 1st ed. CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2014. Print. Kaplan, R. Anderson, S. (2007). Time-driven activity-based costing (1st ed.). Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Lack, J. (2013). Plan to turn your company around in 90 days (1st ed.). [New York?]: Apress. Patricia,. (2017). What is niche marketing? And 8 good reasons why you should bother and not worry about losing out - The Design Trust. The Design Trust. Retrieved 8 February 2017,from https://www.thedesigntrust.co.uk/what-is-niche-marketing/ Porter, M. (2002). How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://hbr.org/1979/03/how-competitive-forces-shape-strategy Reider, R. Heyler, P. (2003). Managing cash flow (1st ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

Wuthering Heights Quote Analysis free essay sample

She flung the tea back, spoon and all, and resumed her chair in a pet; her forehead corrugated, and her red under lip pushed out, like a child’s ready to cry. † P. 12This passage has sensory details describing young Mrs. Heathcliff. â€Å"Chair in a pet† is referred to as a sulky mood. The author, Emily Bronte, used diction that included metaphors and similes to describe details in the story. While referring to characters and moods in this story, Bronte used quite a bit of comparison so we know what they specifically look like instead of creating the image in our head for ourselves. I believe Bronte wanted to portray a certain mood by doing this. She wanted to make sure we know the details well so we could feel every emotion that she felt while writing this. Doubtless Catherine marked the difference between her friends, as one came in and the other went out. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights Quote Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The contrast resembled what you see in exchanging a bleak, hilly, coal country for a beautiful fertile valley. † P. 63 I learned more about Catherine later on in the book than I did in the beginning. This paragraph has character development. Catherine had an adventurous, fun-loving side that she was with Heathcliff but she also had a different relationship with Edgar who was wealthy. Edgar and Heathcliff did not get along and when Catherine decided to marry Edgar, it broke Heathcliff’s heart. At that point we learn that Catherine had an unruly side. This passage explains how Catherine compared Heathcliff to Edgar and regardless of their hatred towards each other; she continued to see both of them. She was a stubborn woman. She was almost like a different person with both of them. â€Å"He muttered detached words also; the only one I could catch was the name of Catherine, coupled with some wild term of endearment or suffering. † P. 321 I believe that the moral of this book is that vengeance is empty. Seeking revenge will not make you happy in the end. You might even end up feeling guilty. This is what Heathcliff experienced in his last years. This passage describes Heathcliff as being miserable, lying in his death bed while yearning for his love, Catherine. The narrator, Nelly, is telling readers of the last few days of Heathcliff’s life and all he seems to think about is Catherine. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him: and that, not because hes handsome, Nelly, but because hes more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Lintons is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire. Catherine had a struggle of making her own decisions against society. This passage has a connection to society. Bronte used the word â€Å"downgrade† to describe the situation of Catherine and Heathcliff being together. Status and rank were very important in the 1800s. Even though Catherine loved Heathcliff with all her heart, her family and friends probably would’ve been very upset if she were to marry Heathcliff. Wealth was much more important than love in society’s eyes. Catherine describes her soul as being made of the same material as Heathcliff’s. The diction she used created a lot of passion and emotion for the reader to take in. By saying this, Catherine was implying that they were meant to be but were forbidden to be together because of the rivalry between families and because of Heathcliff’s poor status. â€Å"Well, if I cannot keep Heathcliff for my friendif Edgar will be mean and jealous, Ill try to break their hearts by breaking my own. That will be a prompt way of finishing all, when I am pushed to extremity! This quote is said by Catherine. Her point by saying this is to make Heathcliff and Edgar feel heartbroken by making herself miserable. Catherine thought by taking things to extremes, it would solve everything and make them feel bad for her. I had a strong reaction to this. I immediately thought, â€Å"how stupid could she be? † This tactic of hers will not solve anything! It will just make everyone miserable. This also happens in modern day. People will try to make others feel bad for them to get attention and feel important but it always gets flipped around on them. I had a personal reaction to this because I can relate to this situation.

Why Did Eva Smith Die Essay Example

Why Did Eva Smith Die Paper An Inspector Calls is a play written by John Boynton Priestley in 1945, just after the end of World War II. Its first performance was in Moscow; its first British performance was in The New Theatre in 1946. The play is based around the suicide of a young girl called Eva Smith who committed suicide. The main characters are Inspector Goole, The Birlings a well to do middle class family and Gerald Croft a business associate of Mr. Birling. In order to understand Priestleys examination of Evas death, it is important to understand the historical context of the time the play was written and when it was set. In 1945 the world was changing socially, culturally and politically. Peoples opinions on certain issues, for example, abortion and womens rights, were just beginning to take shape into their modern form. The play is set in 1912, eleven years after Queen Victorias death. Her death had preceded several years of weak rule by Edward VII. Edwards hedonistic lifestyle had been a role model for the British upper middle class. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Eva Smith Die specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Eva Smith Die specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Eva Smith Die specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It had encouraged self-centeredness and a disregard for the struggles of the working class. The play is set in a fictive town, Brumley, similar to major towns in the midlands such as Birmingham. The years building up before World War I were very restless for many countries, especially Britain. The lower classes were changing into a more powerful group of people for instance they were organising trade unions. The role of women in British society also was changing rapidly and the suffragettes were fighting for womens right to vote. I think J. B Priestley set the play in this time because he wanted to highlight the middle classs attitude towards social responsibility, social change and their hope to maintain the status quo. One of the reasons why Eva died was because of the dismissive attitudes of families like the Birlings and their remoteness from the working class. Reading the play now or when it was written gives us the benefit of hindsight on the time the play was set. Arthur Birlings certainty that war would never come. Russia would never rise and the Titanic would never sink, proves that his trust in the status quo was misplaced. unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable. Thats what youve got to keep your eye on, facts like that, progress like that and not a few German officers talking nonsense and a few scaremongers here making a fuss about nothing The years after the play was set were filled with war and the Titanic sank on its maiden voyage, demonstrating the smug ignorance and complacency of Birling and people like him. I also think that J. B Priestley wanted to highlight the massive, but closing, gap between rich and poor between the times the play was written and the time the play was set. For example, the entire play is set in the Birlings massive, lavish dining room with lashings of gold and silverware everywhere. This contrasts with the living conditions of the poor; as represented by Eva Smith in the play, who had lived in a miserable back room. This contrast would also resonate with a post-war audience coming to terms with a more democratic distribution of wealth. The play begins with The Birlings: Arthur, Sheila, Sybil, Eric and Sheilas fianci , Gerald, celebrating Sheila and Geralds engagement. The maid comes in to announce the unexpected arrival of an Inspector Goole. Inspector Goole begins by questioning Arthur, the head of the family. Inspector: I think you remember Eva Smith Birling: Yes I do, she was one of my employees, and I discharged her This demonstrates Birlings dismissive attitude towards employees; he is not at all embarrassed or ashamed at having sacked Eva. She had been one of his workers. He had discharged her from his employ because she and several others had organized a strike for better wages. Mr. Birling, regarding himself as a hard headed man of business, refused and fired Eva. I think he fired her, not only because she helped in the strike, but also because she was a woman. The evidence above shows the attitude towards women at the time. Eva was also very hard headed and determined to get what she wanted, this probably would have made Mr. Birling resent her enough to fire her. I think this shows the general attitude towards women in the beginning of the 20th century: that they should just be tools for mans work; they did not even have the right to vote. This contributed to Evas death because it sparked a chain of events, through each member of the family until they each shared the blame. Mr. Birlings attitude towards social responsibility only seems to be one thing: Look after yourself and your family, forget everyone else. This is supported when he says: But the way some or these cranks talk and write now, youd think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed together like bees in a hive This attitude contributed to Evas death because, had Mr. Birling cared at all about Eva, he might not have fired her and therefore the chain of events would never had happened. This quote also shows how he is in denial about the social changes taking place around him. Later in the play, the Inspector began to question Sheila. It is revealed that Sheila had something to do with Evas death and that she feels guilty about it when she gives a half-stifled sob and runs out. When Sheila returns, we find out that she had, earlier that year, complained to Evas boss in a jealous rage when she thought she caught Eva laughing at her trying on a dress. She threatened to withdraw her familys account with Milwards the shop Eva was working in at the time. We learn that this has contributed to Evas death because the Inspector explains that this was the last real steady job she had, all because of Sheilas jealousy of this prettier, younger girl. Thus continuing the chain of events. We next discover the involvement of Gerald Croft in Evas demise. After Sheila had confessed, the Inspector mentioned that Eva had changed her name to Daisy Renton; at hearing this Gerald immediately gave himself away by reacting in a startled way. It is revealed that Gerald had an affair with Eva the previous summer. He met her in a bar of ill repute, being harassed by another respectable man. When he found out that Eva had no money and was living in a miserable back room, he felt compelled to be the hero and let her stay in one of his friends houses. They had fallen in love, but, inevitably, it had not lasted. Not only were there the differences in social class and power but Gerald was involved with Sheila as well. To end his affair with Eva, Gerald had given her some money and she went away to some seaside place. This contributed to Evas death because it pushed her slightly further towards the edge emotionally. She was already emotionally fragile and now it was getting even worse for her. When Gerald says: I became at once the most important person in her life it shows Evas dependence on others and her weakness without them. Gerald left a small amount of money for Eva to get on with, when these funds ran out, it probably contributed to the feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness that contributed to Evas death. As the play progresses we learn of Sybils role in Evas death. Sybil Birling, in my opinion, is a perfect example of the arrogance, toffery and indifference of upper middle class women to people like Eva. Sybil cares of nothing but her social status which she clearly shows when she denies Eva aid from her charity; this action shows that Sybil only does charity work for the social status it creates for her. When Sybil says: She was claiming elaborate feelings and scruples that were simply absurd in a girl of her position it shows that Sybil Birling thinks that women of a lesser social status have less of a right to feelings and emotions than she does. This contributed to Evas death because if Sybil did not think so hypocritically and arrogantly then Eva would have been accepted by the charity organization and she may never have committed suicide. I think that Eric Birlings actions played a major role in Evas death, but one may argue that his actions are not as driven by socially pervasive attitudes as the other characters in the play. For example, Sybil Birlings clear belief that she is better than anyone of a lower class is a pervasive attitude, but Eric abandoning Eva is the type of thing that often happens in relationships. Eric, along with Sheila, is part of a new generation of people that care less about social status and more about others, so maybe J. B Priestley wanted to show that social conventions themselves were changing to fit the new generation. On the other hand, you could argue that Eric would have been far less likely to abandon a girl of his own social class, and that in this regard his treatment of Eva was typical. Eric contributed to Evas death because her pregnancy could have affected her mental health, causing depression which continues the chain of events. The prospect of becoming a single mother may have been overwhelming because of the way unmarried mothers were stigmatized at that time. Although we learn that Eva has in fact killed herself; through Priestleys exploration of each characters role, we discover the large part that social and political factors have played in her demise, and how, to some degree, each of them carries some responsibility for the tragedy, even if they refuse to accept it. In conclusion, I believe that above all, the massive gap between working class and rich people was responsible for the tragic stories of people like Eva Smith. The rich people of the time gave no hint that they cared for the classes below, Mr. Birling and Mrs. Birling did not care that what they had done to Eva caused her suicide, they were much more concerned with retaining their wealth and social status. Sheila and Eric, on the other hand felt guilty about what they had done demonstrating that perhaps their generation had a better attitude. J. B Priestley cleverly used the whodunnit genre to explore social attitudes, class differences and their consequences for people like Eva Smith and The Birlings. The most telling statement in the whole play is when Inspector Goole says One Eva Smith has gone but there are millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still out there. This quote sums up J. B. Priestleys opinion that things like this happen everyday, but individuals cannot abrogate their responsibilities. The play addresses multiple issues of importance such as morality, social responsibility, highlighting the political and social changes in the 20th century. Everything we said had happened, really had happened. If it didnt end tragically, then thats lucky for us. But it might have done.

The eNotes Blog First Look at the New Mac Scottish PlayAdaptation

First Look at the New Mac Scottish PlayAdaptation Mere hours ago the world got its first look at the latest feature film to be adapted from Shakespeares  The Tragedy of Macbeth. And oh what a first look it was Thats right, peel your eyes away from that murderous gaze and youll find that it belongs to none other than the current Hollywood darling Michael Fassbender. Chills I have chills! I know what youre thinking: he seems to be saying, I am in blood Steppd in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go oer Right? (By the way, you can find the explanation for that quote here.) And if Fassbender gives you goosebumps in this poster, just wait til you find out whos playing Lady M Yeah, the beautiful, talented, Oscar-nominated and, um,  French Marion Cotillard. Dont get me wrong, Cotillard can be amazingly creepy in her roles (case in point, in Inception). But Im really curious to see how she tackles a Scottish accent, assuming that the film will stay true to the plays setting. From the look of the movie poster it certainly seems like it will. Other recognizable cast members are now listed on Imdb. The movie will open in 2015 but the exact date is yet to be announced. Its been a long time since a prominent feature film has been made from  Macbeth. Prior to this, the most notable releases have been in 1948 (directed by Orson Welles), 1971 (by Roman Polanski), and, my personal favourite, the 1978 bare-bones performance by the Royal Shakespeare Company, starring Ian McKellan as Macbeth and Judi Dench as Lady Macbeth. With other Shakespearean plays getting so much cinematic love over the years, its nice to see the bloody Scottish play have its moment again. Now if only we didnt have to wait a year for its release. Oh well, I guess theres always Gone Girl to tide us over. What do you think of the new Macbeth  and its casting? Tell us your thoughts in a comment below. Need to brush up on your  Macbeth   knowledge while you await the film version? Check out helpful links and fun quizzes: Macbeth  Study Guide   includes a complete summary of each scene, plus discussions and analysis of important themes and characters from the play Macbeth Quizzes test your knowledge of one of Shakespeares darkest tragedies. We have a quiz for each scene of the play and each prominent character to help you in your understanding of the text and plot. Macbeth  Quotes Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow wont do. Check out the Bards best lines from Macbeth, complete with explanations, on one helpful page. Macbeth eText Tackle the whole play, for free, on at this link. Our eText includes a side-by-side modern translation of every line, plus embedded annotations from real teachers to help you along the way.

Management Work and Society People, Management and Business Essay

Management Work and Society People, Management and Business - Essay Example The structure of this paper is as follows. In the next section, the main arguments on the gendered nature of the organization are presented. This section is further divided into a number of subsections. The first subsection discusses the ways in which occupational mobility is important for women, and how it influences the organizations. Issues of the way in which lack of mobility can lead to gender pay differences are also discussed. In the next subsection, the aspects of gender and ethnic makeup of the senior management are discussed. It is noted that the type of senior management present in an organization will influence the kind of people who are hired. The third subsection discusses the ways in which pay differential is a key determinant in the gendering of the organizational environment. The next subsection discusses the implications of education on the nature of the organization. It is established that the organization is highly influenced the type of education which is availab le to the employees, and that women are generally less educated which decreases their chances at getting to the higher levels of management in the organization. The final subsection takes all these issues into account, and is a philosophical discussion on the ways in which a gendered policy is suitable for an organization working in a competitive market environment. This paper concludes that although there is some evidence that the gendered nature of organization is changing, however significant further progress needs to be made before organizations can call them self gender neutral. 2 Discussion & Review of Literature A great deal has been written about the organizational careers and the ways in which gender influences it (Barry et al., 2006, Belfield, 2005, Charles and Harris, 2007, Deem, 2003). Many of the studies on gender and women in management have established that satisfaction level of women working in organizations in UK and elsewhere is lower (Smith, 2009) because of j ob discrimination, difficulties in work-life balance (Charles and Harris, 2007), and poor attitude of management (MarTins and Parsons, 2007). The issues of gender in women, especially within the UK context has been debated in the literature for a long time, and has been a subject of controversy and debate (McDowell, 2005, Metcalfe, 2008). 2.1 Occupational Mobility One of the key issues facing women working in professional environment is occupational mobility. The circumstances under which women can choose or refuse promotions, new work environments and other key changes in the nature of the job are the key turning points in the career of women (Berg and Einspruch, 2007, Guillaume and Pochic, 2009, Tomlinson, 2006). A number of authors are of the view that careers of women are conceived as a set of adjustments to their family lives, which negatively affects their working relationships (Charles and Har

Monetary Policy of the Bank of England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Monetary Policy of the Bank of England - Essay Example nflation, consumer price index is used which measures the changes in the prices of a fixed basket of goods and services and compare the new prices with the prices set in base year. The change therefore outlines as to how much inflation has emerged in the economy over the period of time. There are different price indices which can be used to measure the inflation however, consumer price index or CPI is widely used as a measure of inflation in the economy. Other indices include producers’ price index, commodity price index etc and these indices measure different aspects of price change over the give period of time in any economy. Inflation generally can be of two types i.e. cost push and demand pull inflation. Cost push inflation occurs when there is a decrease in the aggregate supply due to the increase in the wage rates as well as increase in the prices of the raw materials. These economic variables therefore can cause the aggregate supply to decrease thus pushing the prices o f the goods and services up and therefore increasing the inflation within the economy. Demand pull inflation can occur due to an increase in the aggregate demand and therefore can cause the price level to rise. This could occur mostly due to the increase in the aggregate money supply or the expansionary fiscal policies adapted by the government. Why Inflation Arises? Inflation also tends to occur when the overall aggregate demand for goods and services increases more rapidly than the increase in the aggregate supply of the goods and services. There can be different factors which can actually cause this imbalance between the aggregate supply and demand in the economy. The key reasons as to why this imbalance may occur can due to the increase in the consumption level, an increase in the investment... This essay outlines the detrimental effects of the high inflation for the growth of UK economy, and aims to determine optimal monetary policies for the Bank of England. Inflation is considered as a rise in the general price level in an economy over a given period of time. It therefore measures the rate of change of prices over a given period of time and indicates a percentage rate by which prices of goods and services have generally increased during the given period of time UK’s inflation rate has been recently soaring at high rate and there is a strong probability that the same can further increase in the future. At this time when economy is at a very fragile point, such higher level of inflation can actually discourage the consumers from spending and thus further putting pressures on the economy due to lack of demand. Over the period of time, Bank of England has taken measures to keep interest rates at really low levels in order to ensure that easy credit is available to consumers at relatively low rates. The idea was also to induce consumption in order to regenerate the demand and increase the economic activity. However, the continuation of this policy seems to have backfired because of the rapid increase in the inflation in the economy. The increase in the inflation rate has been mostly attributed to the expansionary monetary policy adapted by the Bank through quantitative easing as well as the reduction in the interest rates.The BoE must develop the reputation and credibility for its steps to reduce the inflation.

Robert William Pickton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Robert William Pickton - Essay Example It shall present the history of Pickton’s violent behavior tracing back through his childhood experiences, life experiences and his social interaction. It shall also provide a psychological explanation as to why a crime is committed and identify the root causes of human behavior in relation to social circumstances. Pickton’s demeanor and behavior shall be studied in connection with the biological positivism theory and mainstream criminology. Keywords: criminal mind, crimes, positivist theory, human behavior, biological perspective, mainstream criminology The Path to Crime: Developmental Theories â€Å"Developmental theories seek to identify, describe and understand the developmental factors that explain the onset and continuation of a criminal career. These theories not only want to know why people enter a criminal way of life, but also whether once they do, they are able to alter the trajectory of their criminal involvement. Developmental Theories fall into two distin ct groups. Latent Trait Theory and Life-Course Theory† (Siegal, 118). The Latent Trait Theory provides that the human behavior is controlled by a master trait, present at birth, or soon after. This theory adheres that the criminal behavior remains stable and unchanging throughout a person’s lifetime. Suspected latent traits include defective intelligence, impulsive personality, and lack of attachment characteristics that may be present at birth or established early in life and remain stable over time (Siegal, 118). This theory presents that the criminality of a person is inborn and developed over time. Such individual is a born criminal. On the other hand, Larry J. Siegal (2010, 119) has reported that: â€Å"The Life-Course Theory views criminality as a dynamic process, influenced by a multitude of individual characteristics, traits and social experiences. As people travel through the life-course, they are constantly bombarded by changing perceptions and experiences. T he criminals start their journey at different times. Some are precocious, beginning their criminal careers early and persisting into adulthood whereas others stay out of trouble in their early adolescence and do not violate the law until late in their teenage years. Early-onset, criminals seem to get involved in such behaviors as truancy, cruelty to animals, lying and theft. They appear to be more violent than other people their age. The course of social and developmental changes, through which an individual passes, as he or she travels from birth, through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and finally old age.† The life-course theory is applicable to Pickton because his criminality developed through the experiences he had in his lifetime. His traits and characteristics, and blended together with his social experience made him a hard-core criminal. Comparing him with his brother and sister who carry the same genetics, the two siblings did not transform into evil and demonic in dividuals like Robert. His lack of social interaction, isolation and living in the pig farm alone by himself created the horrible monster that he is. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual provides that Antisocial Personality Disorder or ASPD is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, violation of, the rights of others

The Equality And Diversity Criminology Essay

The Equality And Diversity Criminology Essay In order to approach this question one will begin to give a critical overview of what racism and institutional racism mean and the effects it has on societal fabrics. Furthermore instances of racist attacks in Great Britain that caused uproars and how governmental institutions were deemed to be racists from findings, and how to implement the recommendations given to combat institutional discrimination. In putting this situation into proper context, one has to cast their minds back to two significant events. The first event is the Brixtion riots that occurred from the 10th till the 12th of April, 1981 and the second event is that of the racist murder of black teenager, Stephen Lawrence on the 22nd of April, 1993 on the streets of Eltham in London. What led to the events of the Brixton riot? To give a brief overview, a young black man, Michael Bailey, who had been severely stabbed by some black youths, was being helped by the police. This young man thought he was being arrested and having been advised by three other young black guys who stood nearby, broke free from the policemans grip. Two other policemen went after him, administered first aid and called for an ambulance. A group of young black men, grasped him from the police, put him in a car and drove him to the hospital before the ambulance arrived to assist him.  [1]   Prior to this event, tension was mounting between the Metropolitan police and the black community in the Lambeth borough. There had been a lot of stop and searches after the birth of Operation Swamp 81, whereby officers were dressed in plain clothes and stopped and searched black youths in an attempt to reduce street robberies.  [2]  After the Michael Bailey incident, the police continued with Operation Swamp 81 which angered the black community resulting in a full scale riot which ensued in Brixton. On the 22nd of April, at 10:30 pm, Stephen Lawrence, a black 18 year old youth was waiting at the bus stop with his friend Duwayne Brooks when in full frontal view of eyewitnesses was stabbed twice in the chest and killed in cold blood by five racist youths who were chanting: What, what, nigger? The police refused to treat the case as a racist attack and inferred Duwayne Brooks, Stephens friend who had a narrow escape from meeting his death a suspect.  [3]   INTRODUCTION In the context of the foregoing this essay will be divided into four parts. The first part will talk about racism as well as institutional racism and the effects it has on our society. The second part will bring up Lord Scarman and Sir William MacPhersons findings on Institutional Racism and the damnation he meted out to the Metropolitan Police after the botching up of the investigation into Stephen Lawrences death. The third part will look into the governments responses and Sir MacPhersons recommendations on how to combat Institutional Racism. Finally, equality after Sir Macpherson. Have there been any achievements or is it a figment of our imagination? PART ONE This brings us to ask the questions, what is racism? What is institutional racism? This essay will therefore primarily define racism in contrast to what is defined as institutional racism. What is racism? As Sandra Fredman  [4]  puts it, racism is not about objective characteristics , but about relationships of domination and subordination, about hatred of the Other in defence of Self, perpetrated and apparently legitimated through images of the Other as inferior, abhorrent, even sub-human. To break it down in its simplest form, racism as explained in the Oxford English Dictionary is the belief that all members of each race possess certain characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race and giving rise to the belief that certain races are better than others. It goes on further to describe racism as discrimination against or hostility towards other races.  [5]   Why are people racists? Racism comes in various forms; white people against black people and vice versa, heterosexuals against gays and lesbians, and even within a country, tribe against tribe. In the Ashanti tribe of Ghana, to marry outside that tribe is frowned upon because the Ashanti tribe tends to believe they are more superior to the other tribes. It all boils down to the fact that the racist tends to feel more superior and better than the person who suffers at the hand of the racist person. Some findings claim it is fear, superiority complex as well as ignorance that bring about racism. Racism is not found in the genes but its existence within a community is passed on from generation onto generation. The effect of suffering from racist attacks is like that of being bullied. The fear of going out of the house or pretending to be ill in order not to meet the racist is one of the effects of racism. According to the Equality Act 2010, it is illegal to discriminate on the grounds o f race, employment and in providing goods and services.  [6]   PART TWO The question now is what is Institutional racism? In trying to look at the definition of institutional racism, one will constantly encounter the problem of generality, acceptance, universality and exhaustiveness. The two concepts, racism and institutional racism cannot, from literature, have universality in terms of definition but for the purpose of this essay, one will concentrate on the views and findings of Lord Scarman and Sir William MacPhersons reports of the Brixton Riot Inquiry and the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. On the 14th of April two days after the Brixton Riots had ended, William Whitelaw, who was the Home Secretary at the time instructed Lord Scarman to hold an enquiry into the riots. Lord Scarman presented his findings to Parliament in November of 1981. There were factors that catapulted the Brixton riot. Social conditions the black community lived in then was abysmal in the Borough of Lambeth. There was overcrowding of families in properties. Even though over 12,000 properties in the borough were deemed unfit to be habited, 8, 250 lacked one or more basic amenities and much of these were found in Brixton where the riot occurred.  [7]   The main criticisms of the police during the inquiry was one of Racial Prejudice. According to the inquiry, Lord Scarman, from evidence received believed the riots were provoked by harassment of black people by a racially prejudiced police force in the way it handled the stop and search scheme, called the sus laws. Lord Scarman came up with recommendations as to how the police could police a multi cultural community. Recruitment of black people into the force was one of the recommendation as ethnic minorities were heavily under-represented. Black people serving in the Metropolitan Police on the 6th of October 1981 was 132, 0.5 per cent of the total strength of the force.  [8]   Training the police force was also recommended. Police were not adequately trained to police a multi-racial society. Reports received by Lord Scarman suggested the police were not adequately trained, and the time and resources devoted to training was insufficient. He was presented with two particularly powerful submissions on the need to strengthen police training from the Police Superintendents Association of England and Wales and the Police Federation of England and Wales.  [9]  Lord Scarmans report fell short of branding the Metropolitan Police force institutionally racist. Jack Straw, the then Home Secretary about ten years after the Brixton riots ordered a public inquiry to be led by Sir William Macpherson into the actions of the Metropolitan Police in the botched investigation of the murder of black teenager Stephen Lawrences death. This move was instigated through the persistent efforts of Mr and Mrs Neville Lawrence, the parents of Stephen Lawrence. Sir William Macpherson uncovered a whole lot of anomalies, injustices and unacceptable procedures on the part of the Metropolitan Police during the investigations after the death of Stephen. This was when he condemned the Metropolitan Police and deemed the force as institutionally racist. In Sir Macphersons report he reported: Lord Scarman, at page 135 of his Report relating to the Brixton disorders of 1981 said this:- The evidence which I have received, the effect of which I have outlined ., leaves no doubt in my mind that racial disadvantage is a fact of current British life .. . Urgent action is needed if it is not to become an endemic, ineradicable disease threatening the very survival of our society . racial disadvantage and its nasty associate racial discrimination, have not yet been eliminated. They poison minds and attitudes; they are, as long as they remain, and will continue to be a potent factor of unrest. It is a sad reflection upon the intervening years that in 1998-99 those extracted words have remained relevant throughout both parts of our Inquiry.  [10]   Lord Macpherson went on further to describe for the purposes of the inquiry, the concept of institutional racism as: The collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture, or ethnic origin. It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racist stereotyping which disadvantage minority ethnic people.  [11]   Sir Macpherson gave seventy recommendations in his report for society not to tolerate racism whatsoever. The report also proposed accountability, openness and restoration of confidence regarding the Metropolitan Police. The report also demanded that other public bodies including schools, the judicial system, civil service, the National Health Service would all have to make changes if the recommendations are implanted in full.  [12]   PART THREE Ten years after Sir Macpherson presented his findings in his report, the Home Affairs Committee, appointed by the House of Commons came together on the 28th of April 2009 to consider how much progress had been made in tackling racism in the police force. The witnesses who gathered that day were Mrs Doreen Lawrence, Stephen Lawrences mother; the Chair of the Metropolitan Black Police Association, Mr. Alfred John; the chair of the Equalities and Human Rights Commission, Trevor Phillips; Deputy Assistant Commissioner Rod Jarman of the Metropolitan Police; and the Association of Chief Police Officers lead for race and diversity, Chief Constable Stephen Otter. Written evidence was also received from Duwayne Brooks, who was with Stephen the night he was murdered and the Home Office.  [13]   These were key people who could make relevant to the inquiry ten years on. All witnesses present concurred apt progress had been made in tackling racial prejudice and discrimination since 1999. The Home Office reported to the committee that out of the seventy recommendations put forward by Sir Macpherson, sixty seven of them had been implemented fully or in part. Tribute was also given to senior officers for work undertaken to ensure greater awareness of race as an issue throughout the force. Mr Phillips, went on to explain the impact of the Macpherson Report on police leadership: The use of the term institutional racism à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ was absolutely critical in shaking police forces up and down the country out of their complacency. The consequence of that has been that police forces have paid a lot of attention; they have put a lot of resources in.  [14]   Duwayne Brooks also highlighted the fact that the introduction of appropriately trained Family Liaison Officers as recommended by Sir Macpherson in his recommendation as an important area of progress. The police made mention of this as a key factor to improving homicide detection rates. Chief Constable Otter argued that these improvements had resulted in increasing confidence levels in black communities, which now mirror confidence levels in white communities nationally.  [15]   However, there is certain number of areas which was highlighted which indicates the police continue to fail ethnic minorities in relation to stop and search laws. In 1999, a black person was six times more likely to be stopped and searched under Section 1 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act. In 2006/2007, it was seven times.  [16]   Mrs Lawrence, during the Macpherson Inquiry, raised concerns about the way the police had treated her family during the investigation of Stephens murder. While Family Liaison Officers have since been introduced to improve the relationship between the investigation team and victims families, in her opinion these officers are more there to collect information and evidence rather than communicate to the family how the investigation is happening and black families continue to feel that they are treated differently from white families. She believed that at the root of this was the assumption by officers that black victims of violence are often involved in criminal activity themselves. In 2007/08, 28 per cent of people from ethnic minority communities felt that they would be treated worse by the police or another criminal justice agency because of their race.  [17]   The area where slowest progress has been made and as acknowledged by the police force themselves is within the police workforce itself. Sir Macpherson recommended that policing plans should include targets for recruitment, progression and retention of ethnic minority staff but by the end of 2008, twenty of the forty three forces in England and Wales had not reached their individual target and overall the percentage had only risen from around 2 per cent to 4.1 per cent.  [18]  There has also been little change in numbers progressing up the ranks. There was only one black chief constable in Kent at the time of the committees meeting but has now left the constabulary and working at the Crown Prosecution Service as Chief Inspector.  [19]   Mr. Alfred John, the Chair of the Metropolitan Black Police Association, argued that staff discipline is still extremely disproportionate and extremely harsh towards visible minorities. Officers from black and ethnic minority communities are more likely to have been dismissed or required to resign compared with their white counterparts by 8.5 per cent to 1.7 per cent. Mr.Trevor Phillips also emphasised that there are some parts of the police service..particularly some of what people call the elite squads which are essentially still largely white and male.  [20]   Doctors and nurses are committing institutional discrimination against National Health Service patients with a learning disability, a report warned in January 2012. More than seventy disabled patients have died because of mistakes by hospital staff in the past decade, it was claimed. Mencap, a disability charity, described the findings in its report as damning, adding that as a result of institutional discrimination in the National Health Service people were needlessly dying. According to the charity, the deaths of the seventy four vulnerable patients were either caused or complicated by the actions of hospital staff who failed to treat them properly, showed ignorance or indifference to their suffering. The report said advice from the families of patients had been ignored, serious illnesses had not been diagnosed and basic nursing care was not carried out. These cases are a damning indictment of NHS care for people with a learning disability, David Congdon, Mencaps head of campaigns and policy told The Guardian newspaper. They confirm that too many parts of the health service still do not understand how to treat people with a learning disability and they are an appalling catalogue of neglect and indignity. As a result of institutional discrimination in the NHS, people with a learning disability are dying when their lives could be saved.  [21]   Organisations may trumpet their commitment to equality and diversity. But are they really facing up to and tackling subtle, insidious forms of discrimination, asks Blair McPherson. A National Health Service Trust is found to have racially  discriminated against a former manager, who is awarded  £1million. The organisation is characterised as institutionally racist. Despite the tribunal ruling the organisation remains defiant: We are not racist. They are not alone in failing to recognise institutional racism. In much the same way senior managers in many organisations today claim that racism is not a problem .A young African-Caribbean woman submits a grievance against a manager because she was not shortlisted for a post. A quick investigation reveals that the individual did not meet the person specification for the post specifically, she did not have management experience. So the decision not to shortlist was right. No, she says, I am complaining because that criterion was added b y the manager once he realised I was interested in the post. Further investigation reveals that a working group set up to agree a job description and a person specification for this new post produced one that was accepted and did not include a requirement for a management qualification.  [22]   The complainant knows this because she was a member of the working group. She also knows that the requirement for a management qualification was added by the manager who recruited for the post. She knows this because she asked Human Resources why the specification changed and who changed it. Human Resources confirm this and say the manager argued that the innovatory nature of the post meant it should be paid at a slightly higher level to attract existing managers. The person specification was changed to reflect this. The grievance was not upheld. However this was not the first time a member of staff had commented that this manager would never employ a black person as a manager. Within the black staff group this was just further evidence. Was he racist and clever enough to get away with it? Black people are still under-represented in senior posts. A black manager is still likely to be described as aggressive when the same behaviour from a colleague is called assertive. Black staff ar e more likely to describe their manager as unsupportive, and in many organisations black staff are disproportionately subject to disciplinary action. Perhaps as a consequence, black staff have less faith in their organisations disciplinary and grievance procedures.  [23]   PART FOUR-CONCLUSION Equality after the Macpherson Report; Is it an achievement or a mirage? The Equality Act 2010, helps achieve equal opportunities at work, and in society. The Home Offices Think, Act, Report framework supports and encourages organisations to improve gender  equality in their organisations. Despite progress over many years, the median gender pay gap (the difference between mens and womens average earnings) is still  20.2 per cent. This is partly because the vast majority of low-paid jobs, in areas such as secretarial work and childcare, are still done by women. But the evidence also suggests that, even when they are working in better-paid professions, women generally occupy less senior positions than men, and are less well- paid than their male peers for comparable jobs.  [24]   Think, Act, Report provides a simple step-by-step framework to help companies think about gender equality in their workforces, on key issues such as recruitment, retention, promotion and pay. The initiative encourages companies to share their progress in promoting gender equality, and the framework suggests data that could be made public. But the government understands that companies will be in different situations, and many will not be in a position to publish data on everything. It is up to individual firms to decide what information they publish. Companies supporting  the initiative range from those just starting to think about gender equality issues, to those with action plans and reporting mechanisms in place. What they share is simply a common desire to be more transparent about workforce issues and disseminate best practice.  [25]   There is legislation in place (section 78, Equality Act 2010), which  would force companies to report their gender pay gap. However, the government is not minded to commence these provisions. It believes that a voluntary, business-led initiative will be better at driving the culture change we want to see on this issue, where reporting on a range of workforce information not just the gender pay gap becomes the norm. Think, Act, Report encourages companies to publish as much information as possible including their gender pay gap, if they feel comfortable doing so but its a voluntary initiative, and its for companies themselves to choose what they make public, and where.  [26]   The governments equality strategy sets out our vision for a strong, modern and fair Britain. It is built on two principles of equality equal treatment and equal opportunity. This means building a society where no one is held back because of who they are, or where they come from. The strategy sets out a new approach, not built on bureaucracy but aimed at changing culture and attitudes, tackling the causes of inequality and building a stronger fairer and more cohesive society where equality is for everyone and is everyones responsibility. The government cannot and will not do this by dictating from the centre. Instead, our strategy sets out how we will work with business, local communities and citizens to promote good practice, transparency and accountability.  The strategy sets out a new approach to delivering equality, moving away from the identity politics of the past and to an approach that recognises peoples individuality.  It explains  a new role for government, promoting equality through transparency and behaviour change and working with businesses, the voluntary sector and wider civil society to create equal opportunities for everyone.  Ã‚  [27]   Theresa May, Home Secretary and minister for women and equality: Equality underpins this coalitions guiding principles of freedom, fairness and responsibility. But in the end, it will take all of us working together to build the strong, modern and fair Britain that we all want to see.  [28]   On 22 May 2012, the  government published a progress report which describes how the new approach to equality,  which is  based on transparency, local accountability and reducing bureaucracy, is beginning to make a difference across the five key priority areas outlined in the equality strategy.  [29]   The Home Office is working extremely in implementing policies and legislation which relate to sexual orientation and transgender equality. This includes the Civil Partnership Act 2004, Equality Act 2010 and equality policy for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. On 5 December 2011 the government removed the ban on civil partnership registrations taking place on religious premises, on a voluntary basis.  This was done by implementing Section 202 of The Equality Act 2010.This means that religious organisations can voluntarily apply to have their religious premises approved to host civil partnership registrations. No religious organisation can be forced to do this, and the civil partnership registration itself has to remain entirely secular.  [30]   To conclude, Sir William Macphersons report has been an achievement and not a mirage or an illusion, with regards to the Home Offices action in the preceding paragraphs to achieving equality in the United Kingdom.

Schoenbergs Response Towards The Progressive Music :: essays research papers

The eighteenth centuries are reasonably described as an era of musical common practice, when composers of different nationalities and temperaments nonetheless wrote music that was stylistically and structurally similar in important respects. however, in contrast, the twentieth century has been a period of great and increasing diversity of both style and structure. More specifically, music criticism has divided twentieth century music into two opposing groups; the neoclassical and the progressive.This view has remained influential up to the present day. It depicts the neoclassicists (especially Stravinsky) as attempting to restore and revive aspects of earlier music while the progressive (Schoenberg, Berg and Webern) pushed music forward in a direction determined by the historical developments of late nineteenth century chromaticism. Neoclassical music is seen as relatively simple, static,and objective as having revived the classical ideals of balance and proportion. But Progressive music is seen as relatively complex, developmental, and emotionally expressive as having extended the tradition of romanticism. Stravinsky realises and asks himself,"Was I merely trying to refit old ships while the other side - Schoenberg - sought new forms of travel?" the answer seems to be 'YES'. Schoenberg has found new forms of thravel which was the methode of composing with twelve tones, as we call it, 'Serial music'. For Schoenberg, progress was what history requires. Music is in continuous process of evolution. It is the composer's task to comprehend the historical trend and to keep it going in the proper direction. Schoenberg mentions,"While composing for me had been a pleasure, now it became a duty. I knew I had to fulfil the task; I had to express what was necessary to be expressed and I knew I had the duty of developing my ideas for the sake of progree in music, whether I liked it or not." Webern spoke of a similar sense of compulsion and of the weight of the past pushing him: "and never in the history of music has there been such resistance as there was to. Naturally it's nonsense to advance 'social objections'. Why don't people understand that? Our push forward had to be made, it was a push forward such as never was before. In fact we have to break new ground with each work: each work is something different, something new." For both Schoenberg and Webern, the tradition was not a generous friend or kind teacher; it was an intolerant despot.

“Emotion is stronger than reason.”To what extent is this true in Human Science Essay

People will make lots of decisions in their life, some of the decisions are emotional , and some are intellectual. From my point of view, I think emotion and reason are all important, and it’s depends on a specific situation and specific person to decide if it’s stronger or not.So my stance is neutral. If a person is very intellectual, most of his decision will be reasonable, but if he is a very emotional person, most of his decision would be emotional. For instance, smoking , which is a very emotional decision , because everyone knows cigarette is bad for our health , but some people still can not quit smoking . The reason of this is when they smoke , cigarette will bring them pleasant sensation, and those smokers will want more cigarette , in their mind , emotion is stronger than reason.However, on the other hand, there also have some people who quit smoking successfully or don’t start smoking in the first place. From their perspective, reason is stronger than emotion . Another example, Apple, a very large company in the world, the founder of it is Steve Jobs,who is also a emotional person, because his objective is to make better electronic devices for customs and have more creative ideas to make people’s life better.that might cause company run out if money , because better quality design will cause more money to produce it .But, Apple’s shareholders don’t think that way, they want to make more money, increase the profit ,lower the input and keep this company running , did not think of if the product is creative, they think more about the future of Apple , so that’s reasonable and intellectual.

Nitrogen Triiodide Chemistry Demonstration

Nitrogen Triiodide Chemistry Demonstration In this spectacular chemistry demonstration, crystals of iodine are reacted with concentrated ammonia to precipitate nitrogen triiodide (NI3). The NI3 is then filtered out. When dry, the compound is so unstable that the slightest contact causes it to decompose into nitrogen gas and iodine vapor, producing a very loud snap and a cloud of purple iodine vapor. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: Minutes Materials Only a few materials are required for this project. Solid iodine and a concentrated ammonia solution are the two key ingredients. The other materials are used to set up and execute the demonstration. up to 1 g iodine (do not use more)concentrated aqueous ammonia (0.880 S.G.)filter paper or paper towelring stand (optional)feather attached to a long stick How To Perform the Nitrogen Triiodide Demo The first step is to prepare the NI3. One method is to simply pour up to a gram of iodine crystals into a a small volume of concentrated aqueous ammonia, allow the contents to sit for 5 minutes, then pour the liquid over a filter paper to collect the NI3, which will be a dark brown/black solid. However, if you grind the pre-weighed iodine with a mortar/pestle beforehand a larger surface area will be available for the iodine to react with the ammonia, giving a significantly larger yield.The reaction for producing the nitrogen triiodide from iodine and ammonia is:3I2 NH3 → NI3 3HIYou want to avoid handling the NI3 at all, so my recommendation would be to set up the demonstration in advance of pouring off the ammonia. Traditionally, the demonstration uses a ring stand on which a wet filter paper with NI3 is placed with a second filter paper of damp NI3 sitting above the first. The force of the decomposition reaction on one paper will cause decomposition to occur on the other pa per as well. For optimal safety, set up the ring stand with filter paper and pour the reacted solution over the paper where the demonstration is to occur. A fume hood is the preferred location. The demonstration location should be free of traffic and vibrations. The decomposition is touch-sensitive and will be activated by the slightest vibration.To activate the decomposition, tickle the dry NI3 solid with a feather attached to a long stick. A meter stick is a good choice (dont use anything shorter). The decomposition occurs according to this reaction:2NI3 (s) → N2 (g) 3I2 (g)In its simplest form, the demonstration is performed by pouring the damp solid onto a paper towel in a fume hood, letting it dry, and activating it with a meter stick. Tips and Safety Caution: This demonstration should only be performed by an instructor, using proper safety precautions. Wet NI3 is more stable than the dry compound, but still should be handled with care. Iodine will stain clothing and surfaces purple or orange. The stain can be removed using a sodium thiosulfate solution. Eye and ear protection are recommended. Iodine is a respiratory and eye irritant; the decomposition reaction is loud.NI3 in the ammonia is very stable and can be transported, if the demonstration is to be performed at a remote location.How it works: NI3 is highly unstable because of the size difference between the nitrogen and iodine atoms. There is not enough room around the central nitrogen to keep the iodine atoms stable. The bonds between the nuclei are under stress and therefore weakened. The outside electrons of the iodine atoms are forced into close proximity, which increases the instability of the molecule.The amount of energy released upon detonating NI3 exceeds that requ ired to form the compound, which is the definition of a high yield explosive.

Alvarez Surname Meaning and Origin

Alvarez Surname Meaning and Origin Alvarez is a patronymic (derived from the name of the father) surname meaning son of Alvaro and is thought to have originated with the Visigoths. The Visigoths were 5th-century German warriors who participated in the eventual fragmentation and collapse of the Western Roman Empire, and one of two main branches of the East Germanic tribe known as Goths. According to the Instituto Genealà ³gico e Histà ³rico Latino-Americano, the surname Alvarez originated in Spain, primarily from the regions of Andalucà ­a, Aragà ³n, Asturias, Galicia, Leà ³n, and Navarra. Alvarez Surname: Fast Facts Alvarez is the 26th most common Hispanic surname.Surname Origin:  SpanishAlternate Surname Spellings:  Albarez, Alvaroz, Alviriz, Alvares, Albaroiz Famous People with the Surname Alvarez Carlos Alvarez- Spanish opera singerLuis Walter Alvarez- American experimental physicist, Nobel Prize winner in PhysicsLuis Fernndez lvarez- Spanish American doctor and researcher; grandfather of Luis Walter AlvarezPedro Alvarez- Dominican American MLB baseball playerJosà © lvarez Cubero- Spanish sculptorJorge Montt lvarez- Chilean Admiral and former President of ChileGregorio lvarez- Argentine historian, physician, and writer;  the Alvarezsaurus dinosaur was named for him. Where Do People With the Alvarez Surname Live? The surname distribution data at  Forebears  ranks Alvarez as the 212th most common surname in the world, identifying it as most prevalent in Mexico and with the highest density in Cuba. The Alvarez surname is the 10th most common surname in Cuba, 11th in Argentina, and 16th in Spain. Within Spain, Alvarez is found most commonly in the northwestern regions of Asturias, followed by Galicia and Castille Y Leà ³n,  according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler. Is There an Alvarez Coat of Arms? Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as an Alvarez family crest or coat of arms.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   Resources for Exploring the Alvarez Surname ALVAREZ Family Genealogy Forum- Search this popular genealogy forum for the Alvarez surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Alvarez query.FamilySearch: ALVAREZ Genealogy- Access over 2.7 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Alvarez surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.ALVAREZ Surname Family Mailing Lists- This free mailing list for researchers of the Alvarez surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com- ALVAREZ Genealogy Family History- Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Alvarez.The Alvarez Genealogy and Family Tree Page- Browse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Alvarez from the website of Genealogy Today. Genealogy and Resources for Spanish Surnames Have you ever wondered about your Spanish last name  and how it came to be? The 100 Most Common Spanish Surnames have unique naming patterns and origins. When researching  your Hispanic heritage, its best to start with the basics such as family tree research and country-specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean and other Spanish speaking countries. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. ï » ¿Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Change Management Plan Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Change Management Plan Paper - Case Study Example Technology and innovative approaches to business are the main priorities of this company. In order to remain competitive and sustain its strong market position, CrysTel needs effective change models and leadership styles to support current improvements and innovations. At the heart of the Management of Change as a subject is a series of claims about what causes change and what are the solutions for managing this change effectively. The claims of those who know what these solutions are can be simply and directly put, but are sometimes more general than they are specific about the definitions on which these claims rely (Eneroth and Larsson 5). Organizational objectives devolving into departmental goals and then finally embodied in individual key tasks that assumes hierarchy and a systematic world governed by targeted work for individuals who contribute to departmental targets. These departments work together to support the organizational objectives. Following Grant et al (2002) 'Effective change management is not just about the "hard" structural aspects of organizations, but also requires actions based on an in-depth appreciation of their cultural and human aspects' (238). In CrysTel, Marketing and Sales departments suffer from low productivity and absenteeism, poor communication and lack of employee mentoring. Low motivation results in low productivity and high errors rates, poor morale and organizational culture. The difference lies in the active encouragement, which facilitates frankness about suspicions, attitudes and expectancies - not all of them positive. Beliefs that managers do not care are not exceptional in the organization. Opinions about stress and workloads having increased and the belief that terms and conditions are applied inconsistently are the beginnings of an agenda change that managers will need to address (Segriovanni and Glickman 98). CrysTel's Marketing and Sales Departments need a strong leadership, effective conflict resolution and negotiation techniques. Goal orientation is measured as priority ratings on the organization's growth, yield, societal value, independence, and prestige. To assess values, managers are asked to identify the values in the corporate mission statement that they believe are brought into practice. If the department lacks communication and unity, it fails to perform effectively. The focal points of the organizational change are strategy and human resource management. The new strategy, labeled "vision," should be aimed to bring together expertise and improve the exchange of knowledge and expertise. This will imply new working processes and a new organizational structure. Key players in the vision process are the general management, the management of the departments and the appointed manager. During the ensuing change process, every staff member should be involved in the definition of the c ore values and purposes (Wright and Kitay 271). The change can be defined as a change in core values and culture of the department. The new emphasis will be translated into desired new behavior. A central theme will be on positive and supportive atmosphere, mutual support and conflict management. Furthermore, as the organizational

Communication observations from in class movie, THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE Assignment

Communication observations from in class movie, THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE (2009) - Assignment Example was like going to the same journey the actors went through where their sincere search to understand other people’s outlook in life brought them to their own realization. There was a somewhat strong connection between the audience and the actors portraying the role. However, this could be considered indirect communication since there was no personal interaction between the two elements. Second, it was the connection pattern between the two brothers to the people they met along their journey. It was true in its essence that a person should put himself to someone else’s shoe to truly understand the condition of others. What gave the main characters the most powerful realization they had at the end of the story was their personal â€Å"experience† living with the people who had less in terms of material possession yet abundant with reasons to be happy and grateful with life. This was more interpersonal in approach. Finally, it was the intrapersonal communication pattern. The most compelling message of the movie was the question the audience would end up asking themselves. Therefore, one could only find genuine happiness and satisfaction by searching within. What was good about the people others tend to see as less fortunate was that tend to be more grateful and they treasured the greatest blessing given to them despite material lack- ‘life†, itself. Inner joy and peace is that every individual could find within is also the greatest reason for anyone to have a deeper understanding and appreciation of life. It only needs to take a few minutes to ask ourselves and reflect on

The theme of the short story Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Essay

The theme of the short story Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne - Essay Example Usually, this kind of negative response did have a deadly result on the disrespected woman. It has been noted that the stories that were penned down before 1842 had a female character that was destroyed only by accident and not by intention alone. The story has shown the transformation of a man from his normal state to that of an abnormal one where he abandoned meeting with anyone and then in the end coming back to his life and restoring normal relationships with all that were important to him and more than that, his wife. A number of authors have made note of the fact that Browns departure from faith and reliance was not an act on purpose since Brown actually planned on returning to her after the forest trip. But there is a belief that the very act of the man leaving the woman shows the males indifference to the security related with their females. Thus it is viewed as the women are in reality viewed as somewhat a kind of sexual beings and men as sexually frozen pieces. The mans lack of sexual desire is what has been truly killing the woman of late and it basically allows for the man to continue living in a hollow life. This is true that this does not necessarily mean the real nature of women but about the way in which men imagine of them. Hawthornes men are obsessed with females but the only way they can make any connection with women is through fantasy or by performing some fantasy-related activities that are not considered appropriate by the female populace. The family ties play a huge role here as husband and wife are considered as the two wheels of a car, the car being the home in this point. These two have to gel together emotionally as well as physically in order to make their individual lives easy and the people who are attached with them within the household. Family ties definitely help the Young Goodman Brown as the writer has suggested that in the long run, it is the family which plays its due

What Are the Benefits and Limitations of Using Second Life in Education Essay Example for Free

What Are the Benefits and Limitations of Using Second Life in Education Essay What are the benefits and limitations of using Second Life in Education? Use of the internet has increased exponentially in recent years, in both developed and developing countries, and educators are searching for ways of utilising the new technology and environment to enhance teaching and learning experiences. Second Life (SL) is a world which exists online. The world is complete with schools, universities, businesses and even criminal activity. As the use and popularity of SL grows, so too does the research regarding its viability as an educational tool. Both the apparent benefits and limitations have been considered in a variety of research papers (Baker, Wentz Woods, 2009; Taylor Chung, 2008). In order to determine whether SL is a useful option for educational institutions, the following aspects will be considered as part of this review: features of online learning, technical considerations and the overall potential uses. Some important features of online learning discussed by the authors include accessibility, popularity, and community. Access to online learning is an important aspect to consider, for both teachers and students. The flexibility of the online environment means that this type of technology can potentially be accessed at many different times and a variety of different places (Baker, Wentz and Woods, 2009). According to Baker et al. (2009), lecturers can make use of the technology by delivering their information via avatars. Taylor and Chung (2008) also consider the popularity of SL, and how this may encourage users to participate in online educational content. Indeed, as Baker et al. (2009) also suggest, students can be not only participants but can also â€Å"create their own content† (p. 60). They add that it is possible for students to meet together, attend discussion online and interact with tutors in an informal and relaxed way, as well as encouraging students who may otherwise be shy to have a ‘voice’. In this way they are building and sharing within their own communities and taking responsibility for their own learning. However, as Taylor and Chung (2008) assert, although SL might be popular, colourful, visual and interactive, students may not enjoy learning in this way, and using SL instead of more traditional methods may actually cause students to forget what they have learned. The authors suggest that the enjoyment of using an avatar and playing in SL may mean students do not focus on the aims of the lesson or lecture. Furthermore, Baker et al. (2009) suggest that there may be limitations of online interaction compared to face-to-face interaction. It is thus important for teacher to consider these issues before using SL. Not only that, there are also a few technical considerations such as cost and time, using SL and also technical knowledge been mentioned by the authors. Baker et al. (2009) claim that the cost of using SL could be differ. Anyone can use it for free yet there are also some charges for people to have a virtual land in SL. According to Baker et al. (2009), people need to consume time to get used to SL. There are initial times to create an avatar, control it, and communicate using computer. Taylor and Chung (2008) clarify that in order to get the benefits; people have to invest money and time for the programming content. Being failed to control avatar, learners might become de-motivated and not willing to use it. By using SL, Baker et al. (2009) remind teachers to consider the objective of online teaching, thinking if it is appropriate for the class or not, can they or the learners be familiarized with the technology and even developed new class management techniques. In fact, Baker et al. 2009) point out that the technical requirement of using SL is higher than basic requirement. Also, there might be some potential issues such as slow connection, slide show’s problem, and security issue. Taylor and Chung (2008) add that there are not a lot of document storages and the computer might get slow due to many graphics. In addition, the authors also insist that there are some overall potentials like new technology, uses in present fields and potential issues using SL in education and training purposes. Baker et al. 2009) reveal that SL is a new technology which launched in 2003, yet some educators already investigating the uses of SL in teaching and learning purposes. Its dominant is SL is not a game like Active Worlds, MMPORGs, and Whyville; it’s a space for social communication. There are some possible issues that people need to be careful as it may have serious effects. Students need to be informed the appropriate usage of the new technology–SL in learning. Besides that, they need to be taught the proper way to behave themselves and protect their privacy while using SL.  Furthermore, an emergency plan should be planned so that when the technology having problems and not performing well, students will not lost temper and cause severe impacts. Taylor and Chung (2008) suggest that SL is a powerful tool in helping training and development sectors. Nevertheless, they also discover that IBM still remains using text-based collaboration which leads to the efficacy of SL. It still has some difficulties to an effective transmission for instruction and content management. As a result, there are lots of potential to be found in the human-computer interaction, usability and instructional design. Through the articles reviewed it seems that the benefits and drawbacks of using SL are equal. Although SL can helps people in learning, people still have to pay much more efforts on it. To get used to SL, people have to spent money, time, and think out the appropriate way to use it wisely. Obviously, SL has the potential to facilitate people’s learning. In fact, to use it or not depends on the further research whether the benefits can overcome the limitations or not.